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OBRAZ BISKUPA V ROMÁNSKEJ DOBE (POL. 11. – POL. 13. STOROČIA)

100%
Zubko P.
Konštantínove listy
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 2
52 - 64
EN
In the 11th century, several reforms took place in the Catholic Church, which also concerned the ministry and position of bishops. Bishops formed only a small but influential part of the life of the Christian community. From the Romanesque period, the first detailed information about the life of bishops from non-hagiographic sources has been preserved. At the same time, requirements were defined as to the characteristics of an orthodox Catholic bishop. During this period, the office of archbishop was established. The bishop was elected by the chapter according to the usual rules. The importance of the cathedral and the episcopal liturgy increased. The bishops reserved some sacramental acts and decisions just for themselves. The four Lateran Councils paid wide attention to the bishops; the article lists all the relevant canons of these councils on bishops. In Romanesque times, the position of the bishop in the Catholic Church was highlighted and strengthened, and at the same time he gained an important place in secular society. The bishops were autonomous vis-à-vis the pope, so the individual dioceses differed from each other, but certain intellectual, cultural and spiritual influences had an impact on the universal Christian community. The bishops had an important word in the administration of the lands, they were advisers to the rulers, and only those who met certain qualities (which were new compared to the previous time) could be bishops, but on the other hand it was not possible to bypass the rulers with the appointment. This heritage was influential until the late middle ages.
2

POSTAVENIE BISKUPA NA PRELOME ANTIKY A STREDOVEKU

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Jirkal E.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2020
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vol. 24
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issue 1
3 – 17
EN
The paper focuses on the bishop´s position in his Christian community and his position within the Roman Empire, especially after Constantine's turn. The function of the bishop, his position and his powers gradually changed in the Late Antiquity, which was also reflected in the imperial legislation. To some extent, the bishops represented state authorities, especially the judicial ones, and took care of the poor and the needy. As the economic power of the Christian communities increased, the bishops became important members of the local honorability. Nevertheless, their main role remained the pastoral care and administration of the Christian community.
3
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Wybór Ambrożego Aureliusza na biskupa Mediolanu: cud, czy celowe działanie Walentyniana I?

100%
Spychała D.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2014
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issue 9
75-93
PL
Aurelius Ambrosius is a characteristic example of an official of the imperial administration who made a clerical career in the early days of Christianization of the Empire. His life was full of unexpected events. Born into a Christian family, he still put off the moment of baptism – a common custom, yet not recommended by the Church. His stable career path changed radically when Ambrosius was elevated to the rank of Bishop of Milan.  
4
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INTERNOWANIE BISKUPA STANISŁAWA ŁUKOMSKIEGO, CZYLI O OBCHODACH ŻAŁOBNYCH MARSZAŁKA PIŁSUDSKIEGO W DIECEZJI ŁOMŻYŃSKIEJ

100%
GUZEWICZ W.
Studia Ełckie
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2014
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vol. 16
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issue 3
267-279
EN
The article presents the question of the celebration of the funeral of Marshal Pilsudski in the diocese of Lomża in May 1935, which took place in the context of the internment of Bishop Stanislaw Łukomski by the administrative authorities and the state. Next to shift the course of events in the article was also outline the background to the conflict, as well as answers to questions about how the incident occurred, who was his main inspiration and organizer of why the celebration of the funeral of Marshal Pilsudski in the diocese of Lomża turned into a political and an anti-Church and then ended the whole thing.
5

NITRIANSKY BISKUP ANTON A NITRIANSKA DIECÉZNA SYNODA (1494)

88%
Jablonský D.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2020
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vol. 24
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issue 1
64 – 92
EN
Synodal activity usually required great organizational and diplomatic skills, theological knowledge, as well as a lot of patience and effort. These assumptions were also manifested by the Nitra Bishop Anton (1492-1500) through the Diocesan Synod of Nitra in 1494. Preserved synodal decrees point to a comprehensive grasp of the topics related to liturgical discipline and clergy discipline. A wide range of topics and their detailed elaboration speaks of the problems that currently plagued the Church towards the end of the Middle Ages. The course of the internal reform of the Diocese of Nitra, which was established by Bishop Anton through the synodal decrees, was so effective that these decrees were confirmed, extended and published in 1560 in Vienna by the Bishop of Nitra Pavol Abstemius Bornemisa (1557-1579). For the life and functioning of clerics and believers, Anton's initiative and effort was an important milestone, as the summoning of the Hungarian Synods in the Middle Ages and the Modern Age was not a matter of course.
6

KONFLIKT INTERPRETÁCIÍ. NAPÄTIE MEDZI UNIVERZÁLNOU A MIESTNOU CIRKVOU

88%
Juhás V.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
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2013
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vol. 12
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issue 2
85 – 96
EN
This article presents the relationship between the universal and the local church on the basis of the classical tension of two thinking worlds – Platonic and Aristotelian, which in this theme are represented by Ratzinger and Kasper. The first author demonstrates the ontological preference of the universal church in comparison with to the local church. The second debater rather seeks to promote their equal significance. Both of these views, however, are present in the whole history of the theology from the beginning. Therefore, this article is not trying to favour one of them, but to preserve both in the right dialectical tension, where they can complement and correct each other.
7
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Zmocněnci Ministerstva školství, věd a umění (MŠVU) na biskupské konzistoři v Českých Budějovicích v letech 1956–1967

75%
Faber T.
Studia theologica
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2010
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vol. 12
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issue 3
91-101
EN
This text is the third and concluding part of the study dealing with the activity of the Ministry of Education, Science and Arts assignees at the bishop's consistory in Ceske Budejovice. The first part followed the activity of the Ministry assignees at the whole state level; the second part describes the establishing of the assignees at the consistory, legal defense of Bishop Josef Hlouch against the appointment and the refusal of his appeal, together with the description of the individual assignees' activities in the period 1949-1956. The third part surveys the activities of the assignees, their influence on the administration and work of the diocese from 1956 until their suspension in 1967.
8
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VESPRÉMSKY BISKUP PETER BERISLO A VESPRÉMSKA DIECÉZNA SYNODA Z ROKU 1515

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Jablonský D.
Konštantínove listy
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2019
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vol. 12
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issue 2
59 - 68
EN
Péter Beriszló (*1475 – †1520) was a prominent church representative who, besides the church sphere, also distinguished himself in political sphere. He used his diplomatic skills, power influence and contacts in the court of Vladislaus II Jagiellon as a diplomat and as a member of the Royal Office and Royal Council. He actively opposed the expansiveness of the Ottoman Empire and took part in the Ottoman-Hungarian wars, which was also fatal to him. Between 1512 and 1520 he was the Bishop of Veszprém. In 1515, as Bishop of Veszprém, he summoned the diocesan synod to Veszprém, where 31 regulations were adopted concerning liturgical discipline and discipline of the clergy. Some regulations were progressive and signalled a Catholic self-reform that was typical after the Council of Trent (1545 – 1563).
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INTERNACE BISKUPA JOSEFA HLOUCHA

75%
Kolouch F.
Studia theologica
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2013
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vol. 15
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issue 3
197–216
EN
This study describes the internment of Bishop Joseph Hlouch of České Budějovice in 1949–1968. Firstly, it deals with his fate in the years 1949–1950 when it was under the control of State Security and an agent of the Government. It consequently describes his isolation in the building of the bishopric over the years 1950–1951 and his removal outside the diocese in March 1952. The main part of the study is devoted to his internment outside the diocese and the internment sites: Kadaň, Myštěves, Šebetov, Paběnice and Koclířov. Archival materials and the testimony of witnesses were primarily made use of for this study.
10
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PRÁVA A POVINNOSTI UHORSKÝCH BISKUPOV PRI SPRÁVE DIECÉZ V 11. AŽ 14. STOROČÍ Z POHĽADU KÁNONICKÉHO PRÁVA

75%
Glejtek M.
Konštantínove listy
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2018
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vol. 11
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issue 1
79 - 104
EN
Diocesan archbishops and bishops were the most prominent representatives of the medieval Catholic Church in Central Europe. They were responsible for the religious life of their archdiocese or diocese. Only appointed bishop holds power in pontificalibus, in spiritualibus and in temporalibus. After episcopal ordination, they were authorized to perform sacral acts. The status of bishops, in terms of religious governance and property administration, was derived predominantly from the canon law. Universal canon law collections, conciliar decrees and some elements of secular law determine the fundamental rights and obligations of these prelates. The paper presents the most important of them and supplements them with specific cases from the territory of medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
11
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Zmocněnci Ministerstva školství, věd a umění (MŠVU) na biskupské konzistoři v Českých Budějovicích v letech 1949–1956

75%
Faber T.
Studia theologica
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2010
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vol. 12
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issue 2
35-53
EN
This study deals with the activity of Ministry of the Education, Science and Arts assignees, appointed to the bishop's consistory in Ceske Budejovice. The text is a free continuation of the preceding study, which followed the activity of the Ministry's assignees at the state-wide level. Establishing of the assignee at the consistory, legal defense of Bishop Josef Hlouch against the appointment and the dismissal of his appeal are described. Description of individual assignees' activities in the period 1949-1956 follows.
12
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Zmocněnci Ministerstva školství, věd a umění na biskupských konzistořích v období 1949–1967

75%
Faber T.
Studia theologica
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2009
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vol. 11
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issue 4
47-57
EN
This study deals with one of the methods used by the communist state authority to take control and paralyse the activities of the Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia during the period of communism. An important aspect of this activity was the isolation and neutralization of bishops and the gain of substantial influence on the course of Episcopal consistories in the dioceses. The administrators of the state's church policy were the assignees that were appointed to the consistories at the end of 1940s by the Ministry of the Education, Science and Arts. The reasons and the legal basis of the assignees' appointment, the scope of their activities and duties, as well as the allocation of the consistorial agenda are described. Other Acts of the Ministry restricting the activities of the consistories are presented in the last part of the study.
13
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OBRAZ POSTAVENIA BISKUPA V DIELE HISTORIA PERSECUTIONIS AFRICANAE PROVINCIAE TEMPORUM GEISERICI ET HUNERICI REGUM VANDALORUM OD VICTORA Z VITY

75%
Jirkal E.
Konštantínove listy
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 1
3 - 15
EN
Based on the work analysis by Victor of Vita Historia persecutionis Africanae provinciae sub Geiserico et Hunirico regibus Vandalorum, the contribution is dedicated to the portrayal and representation of the bishop in Africa on the territory of Vandal kingdom. It is a specific topic which is up to certain extent closely related to the persecution or rather to the oppression of the Catholic Church from the side of ruling Vandals who often tried to violently convert the majority of Roman population belonging to the Catholic Church to the Arian faith. Through the portrayal and representation of the bishop, the contribution follows more levels such as addressing the bishops, bishop’s level of knowledge, their preparedness to undergo suffering and even death because of their faith, charity activities, humility and modesty, the preparedness to serve to needy, oppressed and poor people. In the second part, the contribution dedicates to the comparison of the position and bishop’s activity in Africa and in the rest of the Roman Empire. Under Vandal rules, bishops in Africa had, of course, the limited possibilities to carry out their function and to secure its important components. Their preparedness to tackle serious theological issues which separated Vandal Arians and the Catholic Church underwent a great proof.
14

NITRIANSKY CECH MURÁROV A JEHO ARTIKULY Z ROKU 1724. PRAMEŇ K DEJINÁM REMESIEL A CECHOV V MESTE NITRA V PRVEJ ŠTVRTINE 18. STOROČIA

75%
Tandlich T.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 1
166 – 190
EN
The craftsmen guilds were an integral part of the municipal society in every free royal town and privileged landlord cities in the territory of present Slovakia as a part of the former Hungarian Kingdom during the Early Modern Period. The privileged town of Nitra was the property of local bishop and its burghers possessed a lot of privileges and rights. Most of them worked as artisans and therefore they associated themselves to the guilds for protection of their crafts. Craftsmen in Nitra made its production for the need of local inhabitants only. During the 16th and 17th centuries most of the artisans in Nitra got the rules of their guilds through the charts issued by bishop of Nitra as landlord. The bricklayers in Nitra and Nitra county established their guild on the 24 July 1724, when the Emperor and King Charles the Sixth (the Third) of Habsburg issued the royal privilege for them.
15

HERALDIKA V PROSTREDÍ STREDOVEKÝCH UHORSKÝCH ARCIBISKUPOV A BISKUPOV

75%
Glejtek M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2020
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vol. 24
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issue 1
18 – 35
EN
Heraldry represents the most elaborate identification system established in the Middle Ages. Initially, in the first half of the 12th century, coats of arms spread among knights and nobles. Over time, they became adopted by corporations such as town communities, guilds as well as burghers themselves. The oldest known coats of arms belonging to Hungarian ecclesiastical dignitaries are from a later time – the first half of the 14th century. The coats of arms belonging to the oldest phase of Hungarian ecclesiastical heraldry were known only from their depictions on seals. In the 15th century, the diversity of sources widened. Coats of arms represented an important part of owners’ visual presentation. In the circles of the highest ecclesiastical hierarchy, they were also a symbol of prestige and position in the Church structure. The presented study deals with the conditions of coat-of-arms usage among Hungarian prelates. It focuses on the inner structure (content) of these coats of arms as well as their formal appearance.
16
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CIRKEVNÝ DESIATOK MEDZI OPÁTOM A BISKUPOM. K SPOROM O ŠOMODSKÉ DESIATKY V 13. STOROČÍ

75%
Druga M.
Konštantínove listy
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 2
65 - 75
EN
The study deals with the circumstances and broader context of the comita tus Somogiensis tithe disputes between the Pannonhalma abbots and the Veszprem (to a lesser extent Zagreb) bishops in the 13th century. It introduces the circumstances of the Somogy tithe donation, which was granted to the Pannohalma Abbey by King Stephen, and the gradual legal anchoring of religious tithes in Hungarian legislation. Following the introduction of the broader context, which had helped to form the bishops’ claim for the tithes, the study proceeds to focus on the circumstances of specific court trials, then on the mechanisms of asserting and securing the bishops’ and abbots’ claims for the tithes and, finally, on the methods of solving particular disputes. The study demonstrates the wide range of ways, in which bishops and abbots prevailed in disputes. Bishop from Veszprém based his claims on the right of bishops to tithes. This right was already secured by canonic law and by the Hungarian royal laws of the kings of St. Stephen, St. Ladislav and Coloman. On the other hand, abbot from Pannonhalma monastery Urias tried to enforce his claims with the false charter of Pannonhalma abbacy and with the authority of the king St. Stephen. The study thus emphasizes the unique confrontation between bishops and abbots in the disputes over the whole comitatus tithes.
17
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Walka stronnictw o tron biskupi w Rzymie w drugiej połowie IV wieku, czyli od papieża św. Juliusza przez Liberiusza do św. Damazego

51%
Spychała D.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2012
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issue 5
213-238
PL
In the 4th century AD, with the ongoing Christological debate, personal ambitions, political, ideological and economic problems came to the surface, which ravaged the structure of the Universal Church. The east of the Empire was a particularly susceptible area, but similar phenomena were also taking place in the Eternal City.  In the latter half of the 4th century, against the backdrop of debate sparked by the teachings of Arius and the intervention of Constantius II in the internal matters of the Roman Church, divisions ensued.  The causes behind such state of affairs appear so complex that one cannot conclusively state whether this resulted from personal ambitions or whether the issue of maintaining orthodoxy was at its roots.  It seems that in the discussed events the Aryan affair was merely a pretext for pursuing now indeterminable goals of the groups into which the community of Roman Christians had been split.               
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