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1

THE EXPERIENCES OF LOSS AND THE BODY IMAGE IN YOUNG ADULTS

100%
Rzeszutek M., Schier K.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
|
2008
|
vol. 17
89-110
EN
The aim of this work was to investigate the links between the trauma of loss, depression and body image in young adults. In connection to the attachment theory (psychodynamic point of view), and from the perspective of the contemporary psychology of personality and the social psychology we accepted the presumption stating that the experience of trauma of loss in life of young adults can be connected with the occurrence of depressive states and with changes in their body image. In terms of controversies, concerning the definition of the term 'trauma' in the literature, a list of several losses was created, that we defined as the 'trauma of loss'. The concept of body image was defined as a mental representation of a human's body, which is usually unconscious and have cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects. Body image is a part of person's identity. The subjects of this study were 150 students of five different universities in Warsaw (30 persons from each university) in the age between 18 and 26 years, such as the University of Warsaw, the Warsaw University of Technology, the Medical University of Warsaw, the Warsaw School of Economics and the Academy of Fine Arts. The subjects filled in a survey, concerning different forms of losses, that they could possible experience in their lives, 'The Multidimensional Bod - Self Relations Questionnaire - (MBSRQ)' of Thomas F. Cash and 'The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition - (BDI -II)' of Aaron T. Beck. The obtained results show that the experience of trauma of loss in young adults is connected with the experience of depression and with changes on some dimensions of their body image. The outcome of the analysis proved that the persons 'with trauma' differ from the persons without losses in such categories of perceptions of their body, like: the evaluation of the appearance, the fitness orientation, the physical fitness, the somatic health and the overweight preoccupation. Depending on the localization in time of the traumatic experience (in the last 12 months, earlier and in childhood) the body image of the subjects differed.
2
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THE CULTURAL IMAGE OF BODY AND ITS MODERN TRANSFORMATIONS

100%
Brocki M.
Lud
|
2007
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vol. 91
35-54
EN
The human body is not only physical. It is associated with many beliefs and ideas, which make it a cultural construct. The cultural image of the body is composed of beliefs about its optimal shape and size, borders of body, internal structure, how it functions, and about the attire, decorations and marks on the body. The image of the body offers us a framework for the right perception (in a given cultural order), ordering and interpreting corporeal experiences. It also means that it is a type of social control (power) over individual physicality. This power, although scattered, invisible and embodied into our everyday practice, controls the body of the individual so that it has the 'desired' shape, size, attire, proper diet, hygiene, health, attitudes and behaviours. At the same time this power equips the body with a symbolic capital thanks to which 'investment' into the body is perceived as investment into the quality of life. Today we also observe how the body is gradually becoming a 'commodity' and how it is 'medicalised'. This is a process, which is accompanied by tensions and conflicts. Despite the fact that modern culture is considered to be very liberal, that a 'cult of the body' dominates in it, systems of control over the body (the 'microphysics' of power over body) are more extensive and more deeply hidden than was the case in the past.
3

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF SELF-CONCEPT: ARE THE SELF-CONCEPTIONS ABOUT PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS REALLY MORE IMPORTANT FOR WOMEN'S SELF-ESTEEM?

88%
Avsec A.
Studia Psychologica
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2006
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vol. 48
|
issue 1
31-43
EN
A study was conducted to determine gender differences in the relation between self-esteem and body image. We hypothesized stronger connections between self-conceptions of physical attractiveness and self-esteem for women and consequently important gender differences in the structure of the self. For the purpose of this study 402 students completed three measures of self-concept and self-esteem. Exploratory factor analyses revealed important gender differences: in the women's sample, two physical appearance scales loaded on the first factor alongside three measures of general self, whereas in men, these two scales formed a separate factor together with two scales measuring physical ability or instrumental function of the body. The results are in accordance with the evolutionary theory and societal value placed on women's attractiveness.
4

OBESITY AND BODY DISSATISFACTION (Elhizas es testkeppel valo elegedetlenseg)

88%
Czegledi E., Urban R., Rigo A.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2009
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vol. 64
|
issue 2
313-336
EN
The present study investigates the association between obesity and body dissatisfaction in a sample of overweight and obese people. The risk factors of body dissatisfaction tested in the present research include gender, age, degree of obesity, and thin-ideal internalization. Methods: In this cross sectional research the authors collected a convenient sample of 189 overweight and obese research subjects. The sample consists of 99 females and 90 males, the mean body mass index (BMI) of the present sample is 30,6 kg/m2 (SD: 4,42; range 25,0-46,7 kg/m2). Measures include Body Attitude Test, Human Figure Drawings Test, Trait-Anxiety Scale. Results: Females have higher risk for body dissatisfaction than males even when BMI is controlled. Younger age increases the risk of body dissatisfaction only in females. In the first series of multiple regression analyses, BMI explains body dissatisfaction even when age, education and trait anxiety are controlled in the equations, however, there is a slight gender difference since the partial regression coefficients are beta = .37, p less than .001 in males and beta = .14, p less than .07 in females. Anxiety explains a large part of the association between body dissatisfaction and BMI in females. In the second series multiple linear regression analyses, thin-ideal internalization significantly explains body dissatisfaction in both genders (beta = .59, p less than .001 in males and beta = .32, p less than .001 in females) even when age, education, BMI, and trait anxiety are controlled. When internalization of the thin-ideal is entered into the model, the association between BMI and body dissatisfaction has diminished to nonsignificant. Therefore thin-ideal internalization fully explains the association between BMI and body dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Besides the objective measure of overweight, gender, age, anxiety and thin-ideal internalization increase the risk of body dissatisfaction. The authors need further research to understand the importance of body dissatisfaction, anxiety and internalization of the thin-ideal in weight management programs.
5

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIMENSIONS OF THE FIVE FACTOR PERSONALITY MODEL, BODY IMAGE SATISFACTION AND SOCIAL PHYSIQUE ANXIETY IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

75%
Tok S., Tatar A., Morali S. L.
Studia Psychologica
|
2010
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vol. 52
|
issue 1
59-67
EN
This paper was designed to examine the relationship between dimensions of the five factor personality model and body image satisfaction and social physique anxiety in college student athletes and non-athletes. Participants were 390 college student athletes and non-athletes ranging in age from 20 to 26 (M = 23.86 and SD = 2.264). The Five Factor Personality Inventory developed by Tatar (2005); the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, developed by Hart et al. (1989), and adapted into Turkish by Balli and Asci (2004); the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire developed by Berscheid, Walster and Bohrnstedt (1973) and adapted into Turkish by Gokdogan (1988) were used as measurement devices. In order to analyze obtained data Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analyses were carried out. When the entire sample was considered correlation analyses indicated that overall social physique anxiety scores are associated with the extraversion dimension of the five factor personality model. Correlation analyses also showed that body image dis-satisfaction, both overall social physique anxiety and its two subscales are highly related to the emotional stability dimension of the five factor personality model in the entire sample. When data was partitioned according to athletic status it was found that all body image satisfaction related variables are highly associated with emotional stability and extraversion dimensions in both the athlete and non-athlete group. Relationships between body image satisfaction and extraversion were, however, more salient in the college non-athlete student sample group. Multiple regression analyses revealed that only emotional stability was a significant predictor of body image (dis)satisfaction in both college student athlete and non-athlete sample.
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