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FEMALE COSTUME OF THE EAST GERMANIC TRADITION FEATURING BIG TWO-PLATE BROOCHES IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE GREAT MIGRATION PERIOD

100%

Mastykova A.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2021

vol. 69

issue suppl 2

363 – 370

This paper addresses the female costume of the East Germanic tradition which was widespread in the North Caucasus throughout the Great Migration period. It was characterised by one or two big two-plate brooches (measuring more than 10 cm in length) worn on the chest or shoulders. Germanic elements, in female costume in particular, spread through the material culture of the North Caucasus in the early stage of the Great Migration period, in the last third of the 4th c. and the first decades of the 5th c. However, the costume featuring big two-plate brooches appeared in the said region, similarly to Europe in general, a bit later, in the second third of the 5th c. Almost all the archaeologically documented cases of the costume in question appearing in the burial context were in the Black Sea coast of the North Caucasus, primarily in the cemetery of Diurso in the vicinity of the present-day Novorossiysk. In the 5th c., the Tetraxitae Goths migrated from the eastern Crimea to the North Caucasus: the Utigur Huns took them when leaving the northern Black Sea area for the east. Outside of the coastal area, the big two-plate brooches and their diminished copies occurred on the sites of the type Pashkovskii – Karpovka which belonged to the proto-Adyghe population of the Kuban. The costume featuring two-plate brooches was certainly considered prestigious at least by the Tetraxitae Goths who created the cemetery of Diurso. The graves containing the attire in question usually featured rather rich grave goods. All the researchers agree that the costume featuring big two-plate brooches on the chest or shoulders was of East Germanic origin. Its prototype existed in the Cherniakhov archaeologic culture. In the Hunnic period, the costume with small two-plate brooches, which were especially widespread in the Cherniakhov culture and the northern Black Sea areas, became the background for the shaping of the ‘princely’ costume with big brooches of similar form. In its own turn, this new prestigious costume became the prototype of the East Germanic attire with big two-plate brooches as a ‘folk’ replica of prestigious East Germanic costume of the Hunnic period. From the second half of the fifth to the early sixth century, this costume was imitated by the East Germanic ‘middle class’ to become widely distributed in the Barbaricum from the North Caucasus to the Pyrenees.

DIE FRÜHVÖLKERWANDERUNGSZEITLICHE HÖHENSIEDLUNG IN DOLNÁ SÚČA, WESTSLOWAKEI. EIN BERG MIT HORTUNGSTRADITION

72%

Pieta K.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2020

vol. 68

issue 1

37 – 68

At the foot of a rock with prehistoric and early historical settlements and a medieval castle ruin, two hoards from the migration period have been found. Six hoards from the Late Bronze Age, Middle Latène Age and Early Middle Ages were also discovered here. At the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th c. the mountains in the Western Carpathians were used as refuges. The hill-top settlements are concentrated in the northern periphery of the Danubian-Suebian settlement, mostly in the Middle Váh Valley, Upper Nitra Valley and Upper Gran Valley. Their number has increased significantly due to the field surveys in recent years. One of the reasons for the settlement of mountain areas is the turbulent times during the ethnic movements of the time. Also the climatic changes cannot be excluded. The article also deals with the problem of the long-term tradition of depositing the mass finds and offers several examples of the accumulation of hoards from different eras on the ‘holy mountains’.

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2 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

1 Mastykova A.

1 Pieta K.

1 2021

1 2020

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FEMALE COSTUME OF THE EAST GERMANIC TRADITION FEATURING BIG TWO-PLATE BROOCHES IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE GREAT MIGRATION PERIOD

DIE FRÜHVÖLKERWANDERUNGSZEITLICHE HÖHENSIEDLUNG IN DOLNÁ SÚČA, WESTSLOWAKEI. EIN BERG MIT HORTUNGSTRADITION