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Studia Ełckie
|
2018
|
vol. 20
|
issue 3
329-349
EN
In childhood, Tadeusz Gajcy was an altar boy. Every morning, he must have listened to fragments of liturgical texts. Stories full of extraordinary events and miracles – undoubtedly affecting the childʼs imagination – come alive in his poetry at the level of naive consciousness. Poetic dreams seem to be stretched between the family room and everyday life woven into the rhythm of church life. The memory of the time spent serving at the altar allows the poet to treat the temple as a home, archetypical symbol of the inner refuge against sinister forces. Thus, hidden in the depths of the subconscious, the archetype is the foundation for the most powerful, cosmic dreams of happiness, the center from which the imagined contents of internal life soaked in richness flow from. In this article, using the Bachelardʼs categories of “oniric home” and “dreaming memory”, I ponder how the childhood archetype revived by memories evokes happy dreams. I come to the conclusion that the factor motivating their emergence are religious experiences marked by visionary eschatology. I explore relationships between the experience of the liturgical activities derived from childhood and the work of creative imagination. Simultaneously, I reflect on the essence and symbolic value of things transposed to the world of creative ideas.
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Pojem živelnosti u Merleau – Pontyho a Bachelarda

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EN
In a small note in the Visible and the Invisible, Merleau-Ponty states that he conceives of being and the imaginary as elements rather than objects or entities. Moreover, he adds that those elements are to be understood in Bachelard’s sense. It is precisely the elemental nature which represents one of the characteristics of the flesh (la chair) in Merleau-Ponty’s unfinished last work. If the living body is supposed to open an ontology and to solve certain ontological problems, we need to be careful while analysing its elemental character: the notion of „element“ is not to be taken for granted. Therefore, the author begins by examining Bachelard’s conception of elements, his attitude towards the history of sciences and towards the rupture between modern and contemporary science (for example in relation to non-substanciality and processuality on the micro-level of matter). In the second part of the paper, we return to Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of the living body, which is, according to him, different from the substancialized body in cartesian philosophy, and we develop the topic of the elemental – a notion derived from that of element – and of inter-elemental relations. After that, we point out several consequences which the reflexion on the elemental nature of the world may imply in relation to non-cartesian medicine. The fundamental axis of the text concerns also the poetic and metaphorical language and its use in the texts of both philosophers.
EN
Michel de Ghelderode, fascinated by the misty and rainy landscape of Belgium, makes of water an important element of the world presented in the collection of fantastic short stories Sortilèges (1941). The role that this element plays in the spatial structure is not only decorative and mimetic, but mainly symbolic and meaningful: sinister and dark water space conducive to the manifestations of a fantastic phenomenon, produces hallucinations and provides atmosphere of fear and terror. As in G. Bachelard, water has an ambivalent nature: it is a force both demiurge and destructive, life-giving and deadly. Combined secret relationship with supernatural, water becomes an important and distinctive compositional element of dark stories of this writer.
PL
Zafascynowany mglistym i deszczowym pejzażem Belgii Michel de Ghelderode czyni z wody ważny element świata przedstawionego w zbiorze opowiadań fantastycznych Czary (1941). Rola, jaką ów żywioł odgrywa w strukturze przestrzennej nie jest jedynie zdobnicza i mimetyczna, ale przede wszystkim symboliczna i konstruktywna: przestrzeń wodna, złowroga i mroczna, sprzyja pojawianiu się zjawisk nadprzyrodzonych, generuje halucynacje oraz wprowadza atmosferę strachu i grozy. Podobnie jak w poetyce G. Bachelarda, posiada ambiwalentną naturę: jest siłą jednocześnie demiurgiczną i destrukcyjną, życiodajną i śmiercionośną. Połączona sekretną więzią z siłami nadprzyrodzonymi, woda staje się ważnym i charakterystycznym elementem kompozycyjnym mrocznych opowieści tego pisarza.
FR
Fasciné par l’improbable géographie de brume et de pluie de la Belgique, M. de Ghelderode fait de l’eau un élément important de l’univers crépusculaire de ses contes fantastiques, publiés dans le recueil Sortilčges (1941). La fonction qu’il lui octroie n’est pas seulement ornementale et référentielle, mais avant tout fonctionnelle et significative : l’espace aquatique, sinistre et hostile, est propice au surgissement des forces maléfiques et devient générateur d’hallucinations et d’angoisses. Dans ses récits, comme dans la poétique de G. Bachelard, l’eau est une matičre primaire ambivalente et contradictoire : elle est ŕ la fois une force créatrice et destructive, démiurgique et thanatomorphe. Lié intrinsčquement au surnaturel, l’élément aquatique constitue une composante essentielle et caractéristique de la charpente des contes fantastiques ghelderodiens.
EN
Describing the poetry of Venclova, Brodsky states that „every major poet has an idiosyncratic inner landscape against which his voice sounds in his mind or, if you prefer, subconsciously”[1]. We cannot but look at it as a potentially auto-referential remark. For Brodsky, definitely a major poet, such a place is Venice, yet it is surprising that his chief essay on that place does not capture many scholars’ attention. At the same time, there are relatively few studies that focus exclusively on the poetic images in Brodsky’s works as the material realization the poet’s reverie. That seems to be a huge negligence given that the metaphysical concern so characteristic of the poet is at its peak in this literary piece. The present study focuses on the images of water in Brodsky’s essay as being the chief substance of his cosmic reverie. The methodology derives from Bachelard’s phenomenological method, the aim of which is to communicate with the imagining consciousness of the poet who creates original images specific to him- or herself. While the poet’s experiences are not taken into account in uch an approach, the cosmology they recreate in poetry is and should be. The main aspects of Brodsky’s cosmic reverie communicated through water are that of the inherent connection between the poet and the universe he creates (а „diffuse ontology”), the existential conflict between human life and absolute Time that is a typical motif in Brodsky’s literary work, as well as the transcendental quality of poetry. All the abovementioned supports Bachelard’s intuition and encourages further study of the poet’s work in this context. 
PL
Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest wskazanie zjawiska, które polega na samoizolacji intelektualnych kultur filozofii nauki, zamykających się w partykularnych tradycjach, koncentrujących się na z góry ograniczonych tematach, ignorujących osiągniecia innych kultur i środowisk badawczych. Faktu tego nie tłumaczą dostatecznie ani różnice językowe i odrębności kanałów komunikacyjnych, z jakich korzystają społeczności uczonych, ani partykularyzmy instytucjonalne. Artykuł przedstawia i konfrontuje ze sobą w synoptycznym układzie dwie tradycje: anglosaskiej filozofii nauki i francuskiej filozofii nauk. Podkreślam zwłaszcza dwie zasadnicze różnice między nimi. Pierwszą jest różnica między pluralistycznym i dyscyplinarnym rozumieniem nauki w filozofii nauk a monizmem filozofii nauki w traktowaniu takich zagadnień jak: racjonalność nauk(i), rola poszczególnych dyscyplin nauk w kształtowaniu filozoficznego modelu zmienności nauk(i), znaczenie historii nauk(i) dla rozstrzygnięć epistemologicznych, pojmowanie hierarchii wartość poznawczych, pojmowanie przedmiotu historii nauk(i). Drugą istotną różnicę wyznacza odmienność koncepcji relacji między filozofią a historią nauk(i) jakie zakładają filozofia nauki i filozofia nauk.
EN
The paper takes as the basis of the considerations the phenomenon of the selfisolation of intellectual cultures of philosophy of science; those cultures are closed in individual traditions, consider pre-restricted issues, ignore achievements of other cultures and research environments. This fact cannot be satisfactorily explained by linguistic differences and separate communicative channels used by social groups of scientists. The paper presents and confronts with each other, in a synoptic system, two traditions: Anglo-Saxon philosophy of science and French philosophy of sciences. Two essential differences between them are emphasized. The first one is the difference between the pluralistic and disciplinary grasps of science in philosophy of sciences and the monism of philosophy of science in treating such problems as rationality of science(s), roles of particular scientific fields in forming philosophical models of the science(s) change; the significance of history of science(s) for epistemological solutions, the grasp of the hierarchy of cognitive values, conceiving the object of history of science(s). The second difference lies in the distinctness of the relation between philosophy and history of science(s) assumed by philosophy of science and philosophy of sciences.
EN
The paper takes as the basis of the considerations the phenomenon of the selfisolation of intellectual cultures of philosophy of science; those cultures are closed in individual traditions, consider pre-restricted issues, ignore achievements of other cultures and research environments. This fact cannot be satisfactorily explained by linguistic differences and separate communicative channels used by social groups of scientists. The paper presents and confronts with each other, in a synoptic system, two traditions: Anglo-Saxon philosophy of science and French philosophy of sciences. Two essential differences between them are emphasized. The first one is the difference between the pluralistic and disciplinary grasps of science in philosophy of sciences and the monism of philosophy of science in treating such problems as rationality of science(s), roles of particular scientific fields in forming philosophical models of the science(s) change; the significance of history of science(s) for epistemological solutions, the grasp of the hierarchy of cognitive values, conceiving the object of history of science(s). The second difference lies in the distinctness of the relation between philosophy and history of science(s) assumed by philosophy of science and philosophy of sciences.
PL
Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest wskazanie zjawiska, które polega na samoizolacji intelektualnych kultur filozofii nauki, zamykających się w partykularnych tradycjach, koncentrujących się na z góry ograniczonych tematach, ignorujących osiągniecia innych kultur i środowisk badawczych. Faktu tego nie tłumaczą dostatecznie ani różnice językowe i odrębności kanałów komunikacyjnych, z jakich korzystają społeczności uczonych, ani partykularyzmy instytucjonalne. Artykuł przedstawia i konfrontuje ze sobą w synoptycznym układzie dwie tradycje: anglosaskiej filozofii nauki i francuskiej filozofii nauk. Podkreślam zwłaszcza dwie zasadnicze różnice między nimi. Pierwszą jest różnica między pluralistycznym i dyscyplinarnym rozumieniem nauki w filozofii nauk a monizmem filozofii nauki w traktowaniu takich zagadnień jak: racjonalność nauk(i), rola poszczególnych dyscyplin nauk w kształtowaniu filozoficznego modelu zmienności nauk(i), znaczenie historii nauk(i) dla rozstrzygnięć epistemologicznych, pojmowanie hierarchii wartość poznawczych, pojmowanie przedmiotu historii nauk(i). Drugą istotną różnicę wyznacza odmienność koncepcji relacji między filozofią a historią nauk(i) jakie zakładają filozofia nauki i filozofia nauk.
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