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Foreign Currency Loans and Stability of the Banking System in Poland

100%
Olszewska G. A.
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
|
2018
|
issue Vol. 25, No 3
67-82
EN
The aim of the study was to answer the question whether and to what extent foreign currency loans may pose a threat to the stability of the banking system in Poland. The reason for exploring this problem is the situation in which Swiss franc mortgage loan parties found themselves. The problem concerned not only Poland, but also appeared in Hungary, Spain and Ukraine. The aforementioned countries have adopted various strategies in order to solve this issue. Currently, there is a discussion in Poland over the form of solution to the situation in which the Swiss franc debtors have found themselves. This article presents the following hypotheses: The credit policy of banks, which includes mortgage lending in Swiss francs, was a typical action in terms of risk management which in this case was two-way in nature. In addition, banks did not have the opportunity to significantly impose its policies on customers, as evidenced by the degree of market development and market competition. Conversion of mortgage loans according to the CHF historic exchange rate can affect the stability of the banking system. The article presents the main types and sources of bank risks with particular emphasis on credit risk and foreign exchange risk. In addition, the paper shows the importance of this kind of risk in the context of the systemic stability of the banking sector in a situation of exchange rate stability disturbances. Verification of the research hypothesis was based on literature studies and analysis of statistical data. (original abstract)
2
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Problems of Harmonization of the Principles of Impairment Losses on Loans and Advances of the Bank in the IAS and National Regulations

84%
Wszelaki A.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2014
|
vol. 164
176-186
EN
Making impairment losses on loans and advances is difficult and multifaceted issue. The difficulty in making impairment loss of receivables credit appears at the beginning, because it is the difference in terminology - national standards dictate create provisions for loans and advances, and the International Accounting Standards require to create impairment loss of receivables following an impairment test previously values. Each bank applying IAS should evaluate all their loans and the risk for impairment, IAS, however, do not offer a model for calculating impairment of loans and advances. In the creation of impairment losses on loans and advances of the institution plays a huge role Polish Financial Supervision Authority, as it may allow the creation of copies at a different rate based on the credit risk model in accordance with the provisions of International Accounting Standards. In view of the fact that international accounting standards do not specifically formulate these models, banks can use the so-called method of internal ratings, formulated by Resolution No. 10/2010 in the wake of the FSA provisions of the New Basel Capital Accord of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BASELL 2). There are also problems of harmonization of accounting rules and tax laws, as all banks for bank reporting, as well as defining the base, must comply with the provisions of Polish law - Regulation of the Minister of Finance in 2008.
3
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Financial Literacy in the Contexts of Threats Related to Shadow Banking System

84%
Ostalecka A., Swacha-Lech M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2014
|
vol. 186 cz 1
185-195
PL
Shadow banking może dostarczać wielu korzyści, jednak stanowi również poważne zagrożenie dla globalnego systemu finansowego. W obliczu rosnącego znaczenia bankowości równoległej, celem artykułu stała się identyfikacja zagrożeń związanych z działalnością tego sektora w Polsce oraz ukazanie świadomości finansowej jako sposobu ograniczania niektórych z tych ryzyk.
4
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Ewolucja norm ostrożnościowych a bezpieczeństwo banków komercyjnych w Polsce w latach 1989-2014

67%
Jurkowska A.
Bezpieczny Bank
|
2015
|
issue 4 (61)
95-134
PL
W procesie zarządzania ryzykiem w bankach bardzo istotną funkcję pełnią rozwiązania regulacyjne, określające standardy w zakresie pomiaru ryzyka i odpowiedniego kształtowania bazy kapitałowej. W krajach przechodzących transformację ustrojową zmiany regulacyjne następują zwykle stopniowo, w taki sposób, by ich tempo i zakres dostosowane były do dokonujących się równocześnie przekształceń strukturalnych, a czasami stosunkowo gwałtownie. Cele artykułu to usystematyzowanie procesu zmian najważniejszych norm ostrożnościowych w polskim systemie bankowym w latach 1989-2014, w przededniu wprowadzenia regulacji wewnętrznych implementujących postanowienia III Bazylejskiej Umowy Kapitałowej oraz próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaki był wpływ zaostrzania norm regulacyjnych i oddziaływania pewnych negatywnych czynników zewnętrznych na bezpieczeństwo banków komercyjnych w Polsce.
EN
In the process of risk management in banks, the following are very important: regulatory solutions, defining standards for risk measurement and proper development of the capital base. In transition countries, regulatory changes usually occur gradually, in such a way that their pace and scope are adjusted to structural reforms, but sometimes radically. The objectives of this article are to systematize the process of change of the most important prudential norms in the Polish banking system in the years 1989-2014, just before the introduction of internal regulations implementing the Basel III Capital Accord, and an attempt to answer the question what was the impact of tightening regulatory standards and the impact of certain negative external factors on the safety of commercial banks in Poland.
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