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The battle of Łódź 1914: a chance to develop military heritage tourism in the metropolitan tourism region of Łódź

100%
Bończak B.
Tourism
|
2013
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
17-26
EN
Wars were and still are an intrinsic element in the history of mankind. They bring glory to the victorious, the bitterness of failure to the defeated, and always destruction and suffering to ordinary people, but at the same time they have had a great impact or even shaped the culture of societies. In many places all over the world, as well as in Poland, relics from wars, battlefields, fortifications and weapons are unique and an extraordinary attraction that might bring in tourists. This type of tourism is known as military heritage tourism. In Łódź and its vicinity there are many military sites that might potentially become an attraction. They are mostly related to the great but forgotten Battle of Łódź that took place during the Great War. However, are they attractive enough to create a tourism product?
2
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The Battle of Łódź 1914: a chance to develop military heritage tourism in the metropolitan tourism region of Łódź

100%
Bończak B.
Turyzm
|
2013
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
17-26
EN
Wars were and still are an intrinsic element in the history of mankind. They bring glory to the victorious, the bitterness of failure to the defeated, and always destruction and suffering to ordinary people, but at the same time they have had a great impact or even shaped the culture of societies. In many places all over the world, as well as in Poland, relics from wars, battlefields, fortifications and weapons are unique and an extraordinary attraction that might bring in tourists. This type of tourism is known as military heritage tourism. In Łódź and its vicinity there are many military sites that might potentially become an attraction. They are mostly related to the great but forgotten Battle of Łódź that took place during the Great War. However, are they attractive enough to create a tourism product?
3
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Poza linią frontu Łódź końca 1914 roku – wybrane refleksje

67%
Daszyńska J. A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
|
2018
|
issue 101
85-102
EN
In the article the author presents the life of the citizens of Łódź in Autumn 1914 when, initially, war was taking place in the distance and when a front moved to the city boarder. Withdrawals of the Russian authorities and their continuous coming back resulted in chaos, panic and a disorientation of the people living in the city. Additionally, it faced couple incursions of the German army during the times of war but still before the outburst of one of the most severe battles known as the Battle of Łódź. Russian authorities were becoming more rigorous concerning the introduced ordinance together with the threat of punishments and their execution by military courts. Łódź citizens tried to flee in the direction of Warsaw, which on some occasions was impossible due to the seizure of trains which were from then on to be used by the army. Because of the lack of operating post offices and telegraphy Łódź did not have any contact with other parts of the country. Moreover, the city faced shortage of food, fuel and money. General Citizens’ Committee started operating instead of the local government in the times of the lack of the Russian administration in the city. The fights around Łódź finished on 6 December 1914 together with the defeat and the withdrawal of the Russian troops. Germans took over the city and the region starting at the same time introducing their administrative rules and a new order, which continued till 1918.
PL
W artykule zostało ukazane życie mieszkańców Łodzi jesienią 1914 r. Najpierw, gdy wojna toczyła się daleko, a następnie, gdy front przesunął się wokół miasta. Kilkakrotne ucieczki i powroty rosyjskich władz prowadziły do chaosu, paniki i dezorientacji łodzian. Miasto było także świadkiem kilkakrotnego wkroczenia wojsk niemieckich w chwili, gdy, co prawda, toczyła się wojna, ale nie rozpoczęła się jeszcze jedna z najcięższych batalii, znana jako operacja łódzka. Rozporządzenia władz rosyjskich stawały się coraz bardziej rygorystyczne, wprowadzano kary i zapowiadano ich wykonywanie przez sądy wojskowe. Łodzianie próbowali uciekać w kierunku Warszawy, ale nie zawsze było to możliwe z uwagi na przejęcie pociągów na cele wojskowe. Nie działała poczta i telegraf, przez co Łódź była odcięta od świata. Brakowało również żywności, opału i pieniędzy. Rolę samorządu, gdy nie było rosyjskiej administracji, zaczął pełnić utworzony przez fabrykantów Główny Komitet Obywatelski. Walki wokół Łodzi zakończyły się 6 grudnia 1914 r. przegraną Rosjan i wycofaniem się wojsk rosyjskich. Niemcy przejęli miasto i region, wprowadzając swoją administrację i porządki, które trwały aż do 1918 r.
4
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Dlaczego powinniśmy pamiętać o Operacji Łódzkiej?

67%
Daszyńska J. A.
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
|
2015
|
vol. 24
|
issue 2
7-26
EN
This article has been written in order to remember and tell us about the forgotten history from the First World War related to the city of Łódź, which is often referred to as the Battle of Łódź. Let us remember that Poles who were killed were fighting in opposing armies in foreign uniforms. They contributed to the fact that Poland gained her independence. Traces of Polish surnames can be seen in many graveyards from the period of Łódź Operation. It is important what this battle is called. The battles which took place around Łódź in autumn and winter 1914 are often called: the battle of Łódź, the battle for Łódź, Łódź Slaughter or Łódź Operation. Those names are written with capital or small letters, in inverted commas or not, sometimes written in italics. However the name Łódź Operation seems to be the most correct one, as it consisted of many battles and skirmishes, there were army transfers, attacks and defensive fights. Historians unanimously say that it was the biggest maneuver operation of the Eastern Front in the First World War. Łódź, a city abandoned by Russian authorities, faced all the consequences of war actions which then took place. The city survived the war time and equally difficult period of German occupation and on 11 November 1918 witnessed proudly the appearance of white and red flags.
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