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„Sammlung Ogoleit”: Goethe, Faust, Bauer. Zielonogórski fragment kolekcji gorzowskiego księgarza

100%
Nodzyńska E.
In Gremium. Studia nad Historią, Kulturą i Polityką
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2016
|
vol. 10
123-141
EN
Landsberg, Richtstrasse 8. The bookshop under the sign “Buch-Kunst-u. Musikalienhandlung”. Almost for fifty years, from the end of the 19th century until the year 1945 the above address was well known to all the lovers of the classical German poetry. This was due to the book seller and collector Wilhelm Ogoleit (1869-1953) who was able to gather the biggest in Brandenburg collection of memorabilia of Goethe and Schiller thus creating a private museum of the remembrance of the great “prince poets” of Weimar. The walls of the eight rooms of the Gorzów town house were decorated with painting, drawings and prints with the portraits of both poets and people working in culture who belonged to their circle. The collected pieces of art were presenting the illustrations of the literary works and the landscapes of the places relating to the biographies of the Weimar poets and other celebrities. The cabinets were displaying precious medals and plaques, the tables and the cupboards were displaying sculptures, busts and brick-a-brack, all of them signed “Sammlung Ogoleit”. The most precious artifacts included the patinated plaster head of Goethe sculpted by Klothilde Bauer-Rothmüller. The book lover, whom the owner of the collection definitely was, could not miss the library of books, first editions, manuscripts and letters. Among them there were the autographs and dedications from the pen of Goethe and one of the few heirlooms later saved from the war: the Goethe guest book. Ogoleit, a fervent advocate of the Goethean spiritual science, was seeking the meaning of life in the “eternal toil” which was the development of his fascination with the Goethe age and the circle of the Weimar artists. He was enlarging his collection over the years and it comprised 8800 items in 1945. He arranged a museum in his private flat where he hosted many inhabitants of the town and the visitors: actors, academics and musicians. He was famous for ceremonial guided tours which were about declamation and storytelling of literature and the times of the flowering of German philosophy and literature in the circle of Weimar court at the end of the 17th century. His enthusiasm and services in disseminating the cult of the German prince poets were noticed and awarded with the commemorative “Goethe Medal”. He received the distinction awarded by Hindenburg on his 65th birthday in 1934. Ogoleit was developing his collection through antique shopping in many German cities, mainly in Weimar, but also through personal communication with the artists of his times. The highest number of works was acquired from the Munich painter and printmakers Karl Bauer who is the author of the oil portraits of Goethe, a number of the poet’s images in a variety of different graphic techniques and a portfolio of ink drawing illustrating Goethe’s “Faust”. The Ogoleit collection was scattered and dispersed as a result of war. The work of destruction was completed by the fire in July 1945 in which the premises of the bookshop, private museum and the collector’s house – the town house at Richstrasse 8, now General Sikorski street, went up in smoke. The fragments of the collection which survived until now are treasured in the Lubuskie Jan Dekert Museum in Gorzów Wielkopolski and in two libraries in Zielona Góra: the Norwid Voivodship and Municipal Public Library and the University of Zielona Góra Library which owns the collection of 448 works stamped with the characteristic words “Sammlung Ogoleit”.
2

The horizontal impact of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights in accordance with the sentencing guidelines of the European Court of Justice

63%
Kozłowski J., Moskal A.
Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne
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2019
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vol. 29
21-34
EN
One of the biggest challenges of European law is balancing the relations between the Member States and the European Union. An especially interesting aspect of this issue is the horizontal impact of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights. The authors of the article will reconstruct the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which precisely settles problems related to this issue. Various examples will be examined, ranging from the renowned judgment of the Grand Chamber of the Court in Case C-617/10 Åklagaren v. Hans Åkerberg Fransson to the most recent judgment of the Grand Chamber of the Court in Joined Cases C-569/16 and C-570/16 Stadt Wuppertal v. Maria Elisabeth Bauer and Volker Willmeroth v. Martin Broßonn. The authors will also evaluate the settled case law using a holistic perspective on the whole system of European law and its principles.
PL
Jednym z największych wyzwań prawa europejskiego jest uzyskanie balansu między systemami prawnymi poszczególnych państw członkowskich a systemem Unii Europejskiej. Zagadnieniem, które jawi się jako niezwykle interesujące w tym kontekście, jest horyzontalny skutek oddziaływania Karty Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej. Autorzy artykułu dokonali rekonstrukcji linii orzeczniczej Trybunału Sprawiedliwości UE, które w sposób konsekwentny rozwija wykładnię tej problematyki — od legendarnego już wyroku wielkiej izby Trybunału w sprawie C-617/10 Åklagaren przeciwko Hansowi Åkerbergowi Franssonowi po najnowszy w badanym zakresie wyrok wielkiej izby Trybunału w sprawach połączonych C‑569/16 i C‑570/16 Stadt Wuppertal przeciwko Marii Elisabeth Bauer oraz Volker Willmeroth przeciwko Martinie Broßonn. Autorzy podjęli się także ewaluacji dotychczasowej linii orzeczniczej w sposób holistyczny, biorąc pod uwagę czynniki wynikające z całego systemu prawnego UE oraz jej zasad i wartości.
3
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W konflikcie z prawem i obyczajem. Przestępczość kobiet chłopskich w świetle późnośredniowiecznych i wczesnonowożytnych źródeł sądowych z obszaru Małopolski

63%
Kołacz-Chmiel M.
Średniowiecze Polskie i Powszechne
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2019
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vol. 11
146-182
EN
The aim of the article is to discuss the phenomenon of breaking the legal and social rules by peasant women in the late Middle Ages. The analysis of the problematic was conducted on the example of the historical province of the Lesser Poland, on the basis of preserved court records from the 15th and 16th century. The nature of the sources, in turn, has uncovered a hith‑ erto unexploited research potential, concerning in particular the gender studies approach to the criminality of peasant women as well as their place in society. The article, therefore, discusses numerous important issues connected with the phenomenon, such as the scale and character of the offences, the reasons for their conflicts with the law as well as the local customs, the social reaction to their crimes and the consequences of breaking the law. It should be also emphasized that in all those respects, it is possible to notice particular differences attributed to the gender of the criminal offender. It is significant that the majority of women’s criminal activity concen‑ trated on their own domestic sphere or outside of their social group, which could be accounted for by marital conflicts as well as the act of leaving the safety of the woman’s familial and social sphere. However, it should be noted that the supposed fragility of the female sex did not automatically assume peasant women to be the victims of male criminality. Instead, it should be assumed that they committed offences equally frequently. The relatively small number of mentions regarding peasant women in court documents, on the other hand, can be attributed to the rates of detection on the one hand, and on the other hand to the tendency to mete out justice in the privacy of the home or neighborhood. Thus, medieval courts tried only the most egregious and socially disturbing cases.
DE
Ziel des Artikels ist es aufzuzeigen, wie Frauen aus der bäuerlichen Gemeinschaft im ausgehenden Mittelalter gegen die bestehenden rechtlichen und sittlichen Normen verstießen. Die Analyse dieses Problems betrifft das historische Gebiet von Kleinpolen und wird auf der Grundlage von den erhaltenen Gerichtsbüchern aus dem 15. und 16. Jahrhundert durchgeführt. Angesichts des genannten Quellenmaterials ergaben sich unerwartet große, bisher ungenutz‑ te Forschungsmöglichkeiten. Sie betrafen hauptsächlich die Darstellung der Kriminalität von Bäuerinnen im Hinblick auf das kulturelle Geschlecht und ihren gesellschaftlichen Stellenwert. Im Artikel werden viele relevante Fragen behandelt, die im Zusammenhang mit dem unter‑ suchten Phänomen stehen, wie z.B.: Ausmaß und Art der von Bäuerinnen begangenen Straf‑ taten, Gründe für den Konflikt mit den geltenden Normen und Vorschriften, soziale Bezie‑ hungen und mögliche Folgen von Gesetzesverstößen. An dieser Stelle ist zu betonen, dass die Besonderheiten des Phänomens in all diesen Aspekten aufgrund des Geschlechts einer Person erkennbar sind, die eine Straftat beging. Es ist bezeichnend, dass die kriminellen Tätigkeiten von Frauen hauptsächlich in der Privatsphäre ihres Zuhauses oder außerhalb des Kreises ihrer eigenen sozialen Gruppe stattfanden. Dies hing eng mit der Entstehungsgeschichte des Phäno‑ mens zusammen, das durch die Konflikte in einer Ehe oder durch das Verlassen des sicheren Familien- und Sozialkreises durch eine Frau bedingt war. Hervorzuheben ist auch, dass die „Schwäche des Geschlechts“ entgegen dem Anschein nicht bedeutete, dass die Bäuerinnen in der Regel zum Opfer männlicher Straftaten fielen. Man sollte vermuten, dass sie auch so häufig die Täterinnen der verschiedenen Vergehen waren. Ihre geringe Anzahl in den Quellen ergibt sich nicht nur aus der Möglichkeit ihrer Aufdeckung, sondern auch aus der Neigung dazu, in der häuslichen Abgeschiedenheit oder in der nachbarschaftlichen Gemeinschaft Recht zu sprechen. Aus diesem Grunde wurden nur solche Fälle vor Gericht entschieden, die besonders drastisch waren oder das Leben der damaligen Gemeinschaften beeinträchtigten.
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