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Is earnings management impacted by audit fees and auditor tenure? An analysis of the Big Four audit firms in the US market

100%
Santos-Jaén J. M., Martín de Almagro-Vázquez G., Valls Martínez M. d. C.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 3
899-934
EN
Research background: Audits are intended to ensure the reliability of financial statements, as this is fundamental for different stakeholders. However, both auditor tenure and audit fees could affect the earnings management of companies. In 2014, the European Union established a mandatory audit firm rotation policy. In the United States, although there is still no mandatory regulation in this regard, there has been a large public debate over the advisability of this policy. Another unresolved controversy is whether audit fees determine audit quality. Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to study the effect of auditor tenure and audit fees on earnings management, i.e., to determine whether a longer-term relationship between the auditor and the audited company, as well as higher audit fees, reduce the audited company's earnings management, thereby making the financial statements more reliable for stakeholders and increasing the quality of the audit report. In addition, the Big Four auditing companies in the United States were analyzed in order to determine the influence of corporate culture. Methods: A sample of companies listed in the S&P 500 stock market index was employed for the analysis, covering the years 2012 to 2021, resulting in a dataset comprising 3,010 observations. To examine the research hypotheses while mitigating the potential bias from omitted variables, a linear regression analysis was conducted using panel data with fixed effects regression. To enhance the robustness of the results, winsorized variables were also employed. Findings & value added: Overall, the results confirm that the quality of financial statements improves as auditor tenure increases, and so implementing a mandatory auditor rotation may not be in a company’s best interests. The results also support the market segmentation theory, as higher audit fees are aligned with higher quality financial reporting. Furthermore, by analyzing the Big Four audit companies in the US, it is shown that the influence of audit fees and auditor tenure on earnings management also depends on the internal aspects of the particular audit firm, especially its ethical culture. In sum, US policymakers should neither set limits on audit fees nor enforce a mandatory audit firm rotation similar to that of the EU.
2

Similarities and Differences in Operating the Performance of Audit Firms in Serbia / Sličnosti i Razlike u Performansama Revizijskih Firmi u Srbiji

100%
Jakšić D., Mijić K., Bonić L.
Economic Themes
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2015
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vol. 53
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issue 4
535-545
EN
Cluster analysis of audit firms in Serbia was carried out in order to assess the similarities and differences between audit firms. This analysis shows that “Big four” audit firms are significantly different from other audit firms by market position and human potential, but not according to net income. In addition, it can be noted that there are significant differences in observed performance indicators between individual audit firms.
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Atestacja informacji niefinansowych: podstawy teoretyczne, standardy i praktyki spółek działających w Europie Zachodniej i Wschodniej

72%
Krasodomska J., Zieniuk P.
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości
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2021
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issue 45(1)
53-74
PL
Cel: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problemu poświadczania wiarygodności informacji niefinansowych oraz identyfikacja praktyk spółek działających w Europie w tym zakresie. Metodyka/podejście badawcze: W artykule przeprowadzono studia literaturowe oraz analizę danych dotyczących 935 spółek, których raporty zawierające informacje niefinansowe opracowane zgodnie z wytycznymi GRI są dostępne w bazie GRI Sustainability Disclosure Database. W szczególności ustalono liczbę spółek, które zdecydowały się poddać atestacji informacje niefinansowe w 2017 roku oraz ich wcześniejszą praktykę w tym zakresie (od 2005 r.), jak również ich strukturę według rodzaju podmiotu poświadczającego wiarygodność, standardu, zgodnie który przeprowadzono atestację, rodzaju zastosowanego podejścia oraz zakresu atestacji. Wyniki: Blisko połowa badanych spółek poddawała informacje niefinansowe niezależnej zewnętrznej weryfikacji, w tym 34 spółki z Europy Wschodniej (30%) i 426 z Europy Zachodniej (52%). Usługi atestacyjne były świadczone głównie przez firmy audytorskie z tzw. wielkiej czwórki, przede wszystkim Deloitte oraz E&Y, z wykorzystaniem standardu ISAE 3000. Najczęściej stosowanym podejściem w zakresie poświadczania wiarygodności było ograniczone zaangażowanie. Ograniczenia: Opisowy charakter badania wynikający głównie z charakteru pozyskanych danych oraz dużej dysproporcji między spółkami korzystającymi z usług atestacji w Europie Zachodniej i Wschodniej. Oryginalność/wartość: Artykuł poszerza wiedzę z zakresu rachunkowości, w szczególności dotyczącą raportowania niefinansowego. Wskazuje na konieczność podjęcia działań w kierunku szerszego wykorzystania atestacji informacji niefinansowych w Europie Wschodniej.
EN
Objective: The paper presents the issue of non-financial information assurance and identifies the practices of companies operating in Europe in this regard. Methodology/research approach: The research is based on a literature review and analysis of a sample of 935 companies whose non-financial reports, prepared according to the GRI guidelines, are available from the GRI Sustainability Disclosure Database. In particular, we analyze how many companies had their non-financial information verified in 2017 and their previous practice in this regard (since 2005), as well as their structure according to the assuror type, the assurance standard used, the engagement type, and the assurance scope. Findings: Nearly half of the companies had their non-financial information independently and externally verified, including 34 Eastern European companies (30%) and 426 from Western Europe (52%). Most of the entities which provide assurance are so-called Big Four audit companies, mainly Deloitte and E&Y, which use the ISAE 3000 standard for this purpose. The most common engagement type is limited engagement. Limitations: The study is descriptive, which results from the nature of the data collected and the large disparity between companies using assurance in Western and Eastern Europe. Originality/value: The Article broadens accounting knowledge, in particular, on non-financial reporting. It indicates the need to take steps towards the wider use of non-financial information assurance in Eastern Europe.
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