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Legal Rules on the Protection of Animals in Hungary

100%
Paulovics A.
DANUBE: Law and Economics Review
|
2013
|
vol. 4
|
issue 3
219-229
EN
For centuries, man, as an important part of nature, has caused irreparable damage to its equilibrium. After the Second World War, it became clear that this process had led to the extinction of several species of animals. In spite of the importance of biodiversity, it only became an international, political concept after the Earth Summit in 1992. This was held in Rio de Janeiro, where the Agreement on Biodiversity was signed by many countries. Since then, biodiversity as a term has been widely used by politicians, the media, social organisations and others. The European Union intends to validate strict requirements and provisions concerning animal protection. Most of these provisions have been legally validated in Hungary, but the country still lags behind in some respects. Further problems accrue as legal regulations concerning protected animals have been very hard to enforce in practice. Overall, we can conclude that, in order to successfully protect animals, society should improve its way of looking at animals as a living part of nature. Without such an attitude, even the most perfect statutes cannot effectively ensure the protection of animals.
2
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Determining Key Ecological Indicators for Urban Land Consolidation

88%
Lin K.-L.
International Journal of Strategic Property Management
|
2010
|
vol. 14
|
issue 2
89-103
EN
Urban land consolidation, which reforms land parcels to remove fragmentation and produce ideal blocks, is an effective means of urban renewal. Successful urban land consolidation benefits city officials as well as the general public, in improved city image, increased land value, and more effective land use. However, urban land consolidation can be ecologically detrimental to the environment, while land consolidation has focused solely on development for human benefit. To remove the negative effects of urban land consolidation on the ecological system, this paper establishes a set of criteria for evaluating ecological impacts of an urban land consolidation plan. The current study first identifies key ecological indicators using a special group decision-making process called "habitual domain analysis" and then records individual weighting of each indicator by an analytical hierarchy process, thus developing an urban ecological evaluation model with four levels and twenty-three indicators.
LT
Miestų žemės sujungimas, kurio metu pertvarkomi žemės sklypai, pašalinamas susiskaldymas, pateikiami pavyzdiniai blokai, yra veiksmingos miestų atnaujinimo priemonės. Sėkmingas miestų žemės sujungimas naudingas miestų vadovams, taip pat plačiajai visuomenei, nes pagerina miesto įvaizdį, padidina žemės vertę ir veiksmingesnį žemės naudojimą. Tačiau miesto žemės sujungimas gali buti ekologiškai kenksmingas aplinkai, nes tai atliekama tik žmonių naudai. Siekiant pašalinti neigiamą miestų žemės sujungimo poveikį ekologinei sistemai, šiame straipsnyje nustatomi tam tikri kriterijai, kuriais vadovaujantis vertinamas ekologinis miestų žemės sujungimo poveikis. Dabartinis tyrimas pirmiausia nustato pagrindinius ekologinius rodiklius, taikant specialų grupės sprendimų priėmimo metodą, vadinamą įprastos aplinkos analize. Tada, atsižvelgiant į analitinį hierarchijos procesą, pagal svarbą nurodomi atskiri rodikliai ir sudaromas keturių lygių ir dvidešimt trijų rodiklių miesto ekologinis įvertinimas.
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