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Inequality and politics in Brazil: Bolsa Familia and beyond

100%
Dowbor L.
Economics and Business Review
|
2020
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vol. 6(20)
|
issue 4
7-26
EN
The Bolsa Familia program of money transfers to the roughly 50 million poor at the bottom of the pyramid is internationally known but its success was grounded in a much wider set of 149 programs constituting an integrated and inter-sector policy. With inequality presently soaring not only in Brazil but throughout the world the aim of this paper is to understand how inclusive and sustainable policies can work both for society and the economy and assess their performance in Brazil as an illustration of institutional change as a key approach. Equally essential is understanding the power of the global financial interests which generated the drama of 1 percent having more wealth than the other 99 percent. Both mechanisms, of inclusion and exclusion, are analyzed here, on the basis of the Brazilian experience.
2
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Educative Effects of Bolsa Familia: Brazil in Latin American Context

89%
Crosta F. L., Conti L. M.
Problemy Zarządzania
|
2017
|
issue 3/2017 (70), t.2
128-147
PL
W artykule przeanalizowano związek pomiędzy efektami edukacyjnymi w odniesieniu do dostępu i poziomu społeczno-gospodarczego ludności Brazylii z naciskiem na programy warunkowego transferu środków pieniężnych (Bolsa Escola/Bolsa Familia) oraz porównanie Brazylii z pozostałą częścią Ameryki Łacińskiej pod względem poprawy rezultatów w kształceniu. W tym celu autorzy przeanalizowali różne wskaźniki efektów edukacyjnych na poziomie zagregowanym i/lub na poziomie dochodów oraz wskaźniki ubóstwa w latach 2000–2014. Analizy te zrealizowano na podstawie mikrodanych według państw i lat, które w sposób jednolity przetworzono zgodnie z kryteriami bazy SEDLAC. Autorzy stwierdzają, że wniosek o pozytywnym efekcie programu jest zasadny w świetle zarówno badań wpływu, jak i ewolucji zagregowanych danych. Zauważają oni również, że Brazylia musi zintensyfikować działania w zakresie kształcenia podstawowego, aby nie pozostawać w tyle w porównaniu z pozostałą częścią Ameryki Łacińskiej. Ponadto brak postępów w sektorze kształcenia na poziomie wyższym wymaga zastanowienia się, czy nie jest konieczna zmiana warunków programu.
EN
This paper analyzes the relationship between educational outcomes in access and socioeconomic levels of the population from Brazil, focusing on conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs (Bolsa Escola/Bolsa Familia) and the comparison between Brazil and the rest of Latin America in terms of improvements in educational outcomes. To do this, we analyze, for the 2000–2014 period, different indicators of educational outcomes at the aggregate level and/or income levels and poverty. These analyses are realized on the basis of microdata by country and year, homogeneously processed according to the criteria of the SEDLAC base. We conclude that the positive effect of that program is a robust conclusion, both in terms of impact studies and the evolution of aggregate data. It is also observed that Brazil must intensify efforts in basic education so as not to be left behind in the context of Latin America. Finally, the lack of progress in the tertiary/university sector calls for some thought on whether it is not necessary to modify the conditionalities of the program.
3
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SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN BRAZIL. UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION?

88%
Cardoso Cekiera e Sousa C., Butowski K., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Urbański D., Piechowiak-Lamparska J., Bryc A., Bojarczyk B., Jorgensen F. A. E., Niedziołka D., Pacześniak A., Potorski R., Wincławska M., Włodkowska-Bagan A., Jeran A., Mol A., Solsbery A., Dąbrowska I., Głodkowski M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Piechowiak-Lamparska J.
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
|
2016
|
issue 2
PL
Brazil, the biggest country in South America creates the image of boundless land with unlimited richness of cultural diversity on a large scale. But its also creates big and very complicated social problems, which need to be solved. There is this huge number of citizens, who participate exclusively in poverty, hunger, misery, deprivation and violence.This article shows that the history of the assistance was complicated and not linear, often inhibited its development due to certain historical events as a military dictatorship, which really slowed development. The Brazilian social policy was perceived as very inefficient and ineffective in fighting poverty. The article aims to trace the historical and current social assistance programs in Brazil.There was practically no state-run social policy. Only in the era of industrialization workers' rights were implemented because of the fear of revolution and strikes. Social rights, as provision of housing or facilities for education and health care services were only applied to the formally employed – mostly male – urban, industrial proletariat. The biggest group of agricultural labourers (the overwhelming majority of the wage-dependent population as well as the majority of women) and unclassified workers were excluded from these benefits. Help was received by the group that the regime considered as dangerous.  Social resistance against the dictatorial rule was growing.It all started to change when the capital accumulation led to the creation of factories. In particular, the low human capital development was seen as a major cause of long-term poverty. New subjects like trade unions, active members of the middle class, the Catholic Church led to a public debate, the effect of which became a climate conducive to the adoption of the Constitution of 1988. Article 6 says that education, health, work, housing, leisure, security, social security, protection of motherhood and children, help for the poor and are  social rights under the terms of this Constitution (Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil). This political agenda clearly pushed for the expansion and decentralization of public social spending. It has become a base for the social safety net. The solution for the problem became Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs. Bolsa–Escola, Comunidade Solidária Program, Alfabetização Solidária Program and finally Bolsa Familia aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. The assumption of purpose of these programs is to interrupt the inter-generational transmission of poverty. It can be also assumed that the aim of the Brazilian authorities was to achieve the effect of empowerment. The well-defined cashflows have resulted in the emergence of the phenomenon of empowerment, which has greatly raised the efficiency of social policy.
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