This article is an attempt to show the impact of participation in the religious communities of youth or lack thereof on the shape of their spiritual life with particular attention to the Holiness as central issues in Christianity. It is based on surveys, which have been carried out on 1841 students of recent classes in grammar schools in Lublin region in the year 2010. Research has shown that participation in various prayer communities is clearly acquiring religious knowledge, deepening involvement in parish life, raise awareness of the principles and truths of the faith, the development of various aspects of spirituality. The participants of prayer groups more often than non-participating individuals are involved in a variety of religious practices, particularly evident in the case of a practice extra-curricular activities. Continuous formation of spiritual director (confessor), participation in various forms of religious activity promotes the production of a conscious member of the Church. Therefore, belonging to the communities and movements surely helps in shaping involved and informed attitude of religious young man, but only few respondents belong to these groups.
The unsustainable consumption has many negative effects which should be reduced. The ecologization of consumption is one of the available solution. It is achieved for example by organic products purchasing. It turns out that “organic product” term is not clearly understood. Referring to the research results, author points out the differences in understanding of the “organic product” term depending on the socio-demographic characteristics of the research participants. Responses stressed the various features of organic product – free of chemical substances, natural production, safety for the environment, safety for human health, biodegradable nature and marketing trick. The author presents also the results of frequency and motives of organic products buying.
Paper focuses on civic participation and its disadvantaged factors in civil society and democratic life in new democracies, especially after long-term deprivation of political freedom. I emphasize the experiences of Central and Eastern European countries or the post-communist countries, especially the Czech case, and make a comparison with Taiwan. The disadvantaged factors in this paper at least involve social indifference, corruption, powerless for the politics and no trust for governments and the general society. The factors of development in politics and the economy do not necessarily guarantee the participation in civic participation, which is regarded as a prominent component of civil society and democracy. There are still many other factors that influence the consolidation of civil society and democracy in the new democracies, and the legacy of prior regimes is one of the most decisive. Due to the degree of overall political and social control during the period of authoritarian or communist regimes, people removed themselves from politics, so their trust in politics is diminished. When confronting the bureaucratic system, people become powerless, or unwilling to concern themselves with politics. Therefore, the legacy of prior regimes, both authoritarian and communist, consists of political distrust, a sense of powerlessness and political indifference. During the period of democratization, corruption is also a serious problem, and corruption often brings about further political distrust and apathy toward politics. Research instruments involve international surveys including ISSP Citizenship 2004, Taiwan and Czech domestic election records and some other surveys like CVVM in the Czech Republic.The examination of the Taiwan and Czech cases confirms the negative correlation between the effects of prior-regime legacy and civic participation. Those who have high levels of political distrust, sense of powerlessness, and political indifference are more unwilling to participate in civic associations and actions to express social and political concerns, and tend to shy away from civic participation.
The article attempts to undertake the issues of multiculturalism which remain actual and unsolved. On one hand, multiculturalism is acknowledged as an unquestionable social phenomenon; on the other some reject its existence at all. The main emphasis of the text is put on the relation we – they so as to prove that schema is still very much present in so-called open societies.
The basic aim of this article is the analysis of factors which shape the process of implementation of social research directed to employers; the subject of these studies are the characteristic of the demand for work of people with higher education. The assumption of the specificity of these kind of studies (social rank of their issues and abilities of application of acquired knowledge in social-economic and educational policies) is the starting point. However, the main place is occupied by relations of exchange between human subjects on the labour market, and considerations are concentrated on the importance of this context for the course of studies and achieved results. Representatives of employers and students participate in the research process in double roles. Relations that result from the fact of representing the part of the demand for work and supply (relation of value exchange) form one level; the other is the participation in studies (relation of information exchange). This implies a problem: to what extend the context shapes the way respondents and interviewers fulfill their roles, how the communication is created and definitions of situation are formed. Empirical studied conducted by the author in 1998 – 2010 in Lublin Province constitute the basic source material. The projects possessed convergent theoretical and methodological assumptions. The analysis corresponds with a current trend of empirical methodology and “good practice” in social studies.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
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