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EN
Bulgarian museums, which present the National Revival period, form a whole category of exhibitions, the specifics of which are recognizable to a wide range of audiences. Themessages in these museums are not entirely unknown; on the contrary - there are certain preliminary expectations for them, the answer to which leads to satisfaction from the visit. In the minds of many Bulgarians, visiting these exhibitions, as well as the satisfaction of this act, are "mandatory". The artefacts construct an idea of the dynamics of social development, in which the virtues of the "old" society are complemented by modern European ideas of the era, and innovations in the life of Bulgarians happen only for the better. The presence of the exhibits in the museums of the Bulgarian National Revival is completely subordinated to the general presentation idea. Their main function is to illustrate the specific topic - the photograph visualizes a figure or location, the document testifies to them truth, and the personal belonging evokes adoration. From this point of view, artefacts play a supporting rather than a catalytic role - instead of "items with history", museums show "history complemented by items".
EN
Paradoxical Bulgarian reception of the Bible during the National RevivalThis paper is focused on the difficulties that Bulgarian reception of the Bible encountered in nineteenth century – the lack of older canonical translations and the opposition of the Ecumenical Patriarchate against new translations, which were associated with Protestantism. Some instances that illustrate the ideas of the Bulgarians from that period are presented. One of them is from Two Brothers (Dvama bratya; 1888–1889) by Iliya Blaskov – a semi-documental novel dealing with the fates of the author’s family. The author concludes that the image of the Holy Scripture that even pious teachers had at that time was vague and closer to folklore than to modern biblical notions. Paradoksalna bułgarska recepcja Biblii w czasie odrodzenia narodowegoArtykuł prezentuje problemy bułgarskiej recepcji Biblii w XIX wieku – brak starszego tłumaczenia kanonicznego, a także opór Patriarchatu Konstantynopola wobec nowego przekładu kojarzonego z protestantyzmem. W pracy omówiono kilka przykładów bułgarskich koncepcji przekładu Pisma Świętego. Jedna z nich pochodzi z utworu Двама братя (1888–1889) Ilii Błyskowa – quasi-dokumentalnej powieści opowiadającej o losach rodziny autora. Okazuje się, że obraz Pisma Świętego, jaki mieli w tamtym czasie działacze bułgarskiego odrodzenia narodowego, był bardzo mglisty i bliższy folklorowi aniżeli nowoczesnym kategoriom.
EN
The article describes problems connected with the idea of a cooperation between Orthodox Bulgarian population and the Catholic Church at the turn of 50s and 60s of 19th century. The Uniate Movement was founded by Dragan Tsankov, who started to propagate the idea of westernization of Bulgarians in the newspaper “Bălgariya” with the cooperation with the French missionaries from the Congregation of the Mission and the Polish emigrants from the Hôtel Lambert. The milieu of Dragan Tsankov firstly supported the Union in Kukush in 1859 and one year later leaded to the nationwide Union. These events played an important role in history of the Bulgarian Revival and development of the Church Movement. It contributed to the emergence of the Bulgarian exarchate (1870), which was a decisive step for the Bulgarian fight for political rights in the Ottoman Empire.
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The paper presents one of the many dimensions of Konstantin Petkovic’s case – his diplomatic career in the service of the Russian Empire. Konstantin Petkovic is a part of the team of the leading Russian diplomat – Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov. He is the last chancellor of the Russian Empire and head of the foreign policy of the Northern Empire during the reign of Emperor Alexander II. His diplomatic career is in Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and Lebanon.
EN
Mathieu Laensberg’s Prophecys in a nineteenth-century Bulgarian fragment (a sketch on fortune-telling books and prophetic literature in the Balkans)The article presents comments on and text edition of two folios of the so-called Bulgarian fragment of Mathieu Laensberg’s prophecy, written in the Bulgarian language of the first thirty years of the nineteenth century. The article does not focus on the prophet’s very speculative biography, neither on one of the Enlightenment’s most valued Almanacs, from Belgian Liege, which since its first appearance in 1636 was also associated with Laensberg. Rather, she aims at sketching preliminary observations about some typological features of the prognostic and prophetic literature, both western and eastern, emphasizing the analysed text and its comparison to the horoscopic portion in’s 1838 Perpetual Calendar by Teodor Pirdopski, who was best known as a gifted compiler of damascenes and miscellanies. Przepowiednie Mathieu Laendsberga w dziewiętnastowiecznym „fragmencie bułgarskim” (szkice o księgach wróżbiarskich i literaturze profetycznej na Bałkanach) Artykuł składa się z komentarzy oraz edycji 2 kart tzw. fragmentu bułgarskiego przepowiedni Mathieu Laensberga, spisanej w bułgarszczyźnie pierwszego trzydziestolecia XIX wieku. Badaczka nie koncentruje uwagi ani na opartej na domysłach biografii samego profety, ani też na jednym z najbardziej cenionych w epoce oświecenia almanachu z belgijskiego Liège, od początku swego istnienia (1636 roku) wiązanego z nazwiskiem Laensberga. Odwołując się do tekstów zachodnio- i wschodnioeuropejskich, badaczka formułuje szereg uwag na temat niektórych typologicznych cech piśmiennictwa wróżbiarskiego i prorockiego, kładąc przy tym nacisk na interesujący ją odpis oraz porównując go z wiecznym kalendarzem Teodora Pirdopskiego (1838), znanego jako kopista i kompilator tzw. damaskinów i zbiorów o treści mieszanej.
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PL
The article comments on Milen Ruskov’s third novel Summit (The Heights / Възвишение, 2011) and its critical acclaim in Bulgaria. Set in 19th-century milieu, the revolutionary struggles and the novel’s unique language have been indicated by critics as its most outstanding aspects that provoke new debates on the national and linguistic identity of contemporary Bulgarians. At the same time the novel’s Polish translation by Magdalena Pytlak (Wzniesienie, 2017) poses other questions concerning the promotion of modern Bulgarian culture abroad, the translatability of Ruskov’s work and the translator’s strategies in terms of successfully “importing” Bulgarian literature into the Polish context.
EN
The aim of the article is to show the selected forms of political and military activity of Georgi Stoikov Mamarchev (1786-1846), the iconic Bulgarian national fighter. The main attention is dedicated to G. Mamarchev’s involvement in Russian-Turkish wars (1806-1812; 1828-1829) and the uprising in the Turnovo region in 1835 (the so-called Velchova zavera). Thanks to G. Mamarchev’s activity against Ottoman Empire, during the Bulgarian National Revival period (1762-1878) he was regarded as one the first and most influential Bulgarian freedom fighter. In the following decades he was showed in the context of political activity of his nephew Georgi S. Rakovski (1821–1867).
PL
Artykuł omawia meandry życia jednego z najważniejszych bułgarskich bojowników o wolność pierwszej połowy XIX wieku Georgiego Stojkowa Mamarczewa (1786–1846). Autor nie rekonstruuje pełnej biografii tej postaci, skupiając się na kwestii udziału Mamarczewa jako ochotnika w wojnach rosyjsko-tureckich toczonych w latach 1806–1812 oraz 1828–1829, a także wydarzeń związanych z przygotowywanym powstaniem w okręgu tyrnowskim w 1835 roku (tzw. Wełczowej zawery). Zdaniem autora, dzięki swojemu konsekwentnemu zaangażowaniu w działania zbrojne przeciwko Imperium Osmańskiemu można uznać Mamarczewa za jednego z pierwszych, a zarazem najważniejszych „zawodowych” bojowników o wolność w epoce Bułgarskiego Odrodzenia Narodowego (1762–1878). W kolejnych dekadach ten sposób walki o wyzwolenie ziem bułgarskich z pod władzy tureckiej zaprezentował w pełni jego siostrzeniec Georgi S. Rakowski.
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