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PL
Artykuł jest próbą charakterystyki nieopisanego dotąd zjawiska – filmu zakulisowego. Jego schemat fabularny opiera się na śledzeniu procesu powstawania spektaklu teatralnego od castingu po udaną premierę, do której dochodzi pomimo licznych perypetii. Ważną jego cechą jest przedstawienie zespołu teatralnego jako mikrospo- łeczności o potencjale metafory społecznej. Za prototyp gatunku można uznać backstage musical Busby’ego Berkeleya. W kolejnych dekadach nawiązywali do niego lub dekonstruowali jego struktury między innymi John Cassavetes, Bob Fosse, Carlos Saura, a ostatnio Alejandro González Iñárritu. Krzysztof Kieślowski i Agnieszka Holland w filmach należących do nurtu moralnego niepokoju w autorski sposób wykorzystali formułę filmu zakulisowego, by opowiedzieć o utracie złudzeń i zakwestionować ideę zespołu. Sugerowali przy tym, by ich filmy odczytywać nie jako krytykę instytucji teatru, lecz uniwersalne metafory społeczne.
EN
This article attempts to characterize a genre that has not yet been described: the backstage film. Its storyline follows the process of creating a theatrical performance, from casting to a successful premiere, which takes place despite numerous obstacles. An important feature of the film is its depiction of the theatre company as a micro-community with the potential of a social metaphor. Busby Berkeley’s backstage musical can be considered the prototype of the genre. In the subsequent decades, it was referred to or deconstructed by John Cassavetes, Bob Fosse, and Carlos Saura, among others, and recently by Alejandro González Iñárritu. Krzysztof Kieślowski and Agnieszka Holland in their films representing moral anxiety cinema used the formula of the backstage film to talk about disillusionment and to question the idea of an ensemble. They suggested that their films should be read not as a criticism of the institution of theatre, but as universal social metaphors.
EN
For Kracauer, the regular abstract patterns viewed in the gymnastic stadiums and in the musical revues presented an analogy with modern life and technological Ratio. Ornament is a place of their meeting and mutual transformation, and thus the crucial point, which decides the future of the modernity project. Busby Berkeley’s choreography during the New Deal period is an extension of this phenomenon. In Gold Diggers of 1933 and Footlight Parade aesthetics of Fordism intercrosses with the Pythagorean and Renaissance Neo-platonic vision of an orderly and purposive cosmos, in which Eros is a kind of coordinating and organizing force (both in a cosmological and social way). Sherrie Levine’s work, which is a postmodern appropriation of Berkeley’s trademark, follows a similar method to undermine the distinction between individual creativity and well-regulated collective, between modern art and industrial production.
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