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EXPENDITURE COMPETITION AND A SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINT

100%
Jevcak A.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 5
476-483
EN
This paper offers a two-period small open economy model with publicly provided production inputs. The model confirms that if government's and consumers' relative preferences for second period utility coincide, while at the same time the public cost of borrowing and the consumers' return on saving are identical, lump-sum taxation and public debt are equivalent methods of financing public input provision. However, if the public cost of borrowing and the consumers' return on saving do not match, debt financing similarly as capital taxation can depending on circumstances lead to under- or over-provision of public inputs in a small open economy. Furthermore, if the government cannot ex ante commit to a certain expenditure level, the difference between the government's and consumers' discount rate can also result into under- or over-provision of public inputs.
2

POPTÁVKA PO KAPITÁLU V TRANZITIVNÍCH EKONOMIKÁCH

100%
Pánková V.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 2
119-128
EN
Demand for foreign investment can create a financial gap characterising a lack of home resources. Harrod-Domar model gives a benchmark but the gap can be smaller what can be tested under an assumption of non-zero elasticity of substitution of domestic for foreign capital. New capital is characterised by capital mobility. A more open capital account implies a higher productive performance but for strong economies only. An approach based on a Feldstein-Ha-rioka hypothesis is used to quantify a measure of capital mobility by econometric models. Technique of panel data regressions is briefly mentioned as a tool which helps to solve the problem of not sufficiently long individual time -series. Analysis of twelve European transition economies is performed.
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