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1

STYLE TENDENCIES IN THE ART OF THE CONQUERING HUNGARIANS

100%
Mesterhazy K.
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
|
2005
|
vol. 40
145-161
EN
In the course of the last two decades two small cemeteries, which can safely be associated with the ancestors of the Hungarians, have been discovered in Ukraine. One is located at Subboticy near Kirovograd (former Elizavetgrad) on the Ingul, the other at Korobchino near Dnepropetrovsk on the Dneper. The two sites allow us to identify with greater precision the geography of Magyar settlements in the 9th century (the Levedia or Etelköz mentioned by Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenetos). The finds enable us to gain a better understanding of the culture of the Magyars in the migration period and, in consequence, offer an insight into the distinctive identity of Magyars among other steppe cultures of Eastern Europe. As a result of a series of studies it has been possible to establish the presence of Sogdian, Iranian, Islamic and late-Roman-Byzantine stylistic inspirations in the 9th-century Magyar art.
2

MIDDLE AURIGNACIAN IN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN OF EASTERN CENTRAL EUROPE

100%
Demidenko Y. E., Škrdla P., Béres S., Rácz B., Nemergut A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 2
189 – 255
EN
In the article a series of Middle Aurignacian in situ sites and surface loci situated in the Carpathian Basin of the Eastern Central Europe is analysed using industrial and geochronological criteria recently developed for the respective Middle Aurignacian materials in Southwestern France. As a result, there were not only recognized the respective materials for the Carpathian Basin but were also identified both common and specific techno-typological features for taken together Pan-European Middle Aurignacian materials. Geochronologically, the Carpathian Basin’s sites (starting from GI -8a, ca. 36,300 cal. BP) are a little younger of the French materials (GI -8c, ca. 37,900 – 37,500 cal. BP). The realized study also demonstrated a possible series of various site types for Middle Aurignacian settlement pattern observations in the Carpathian Basin. The resulting analyses also allowed us to see on the new data and knowledge levels a basic Middle Aurignacian human dispersal from Europe into the East Mediterranean Levant.
3

CONTRIBUTION TO ONE OF THE MIDDLE LA TENE FIBULA TYPES (Prispevok k jednemu z typov stredolatenskych spon)

88%
Breznanova G.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2008
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vol. 56
|
issue 1
1-20
EN
Morphological and spatial analysis proved existence of local variants of fibulas belonging to the middle La Tene scheme with a conical target, which is decorated with a filigree imitation, on a foot that is. This type of jewellery is typical of Celtic material culture in the Carpathian basin of the LTC1 phase. In the text these fibulas are coded as BF-HID. Spatial analysis of the BF-HID fibulas has revealed that there were three 'centres' of their production in the Carpathian basin. Every one of them had characteristic means of expression. One centre was situated near the confluence of Sava and Danube rivers in present-day Serbia, where according to written sources the Scordisci tribal union was located. A local jewellery 'workshop' (workshops) manufactured fibulas with a foot bearing a target that was decorated with an openwork trefoil. Another manufacturing centre of the BF-HID type fibulas was situated in the upper Sava and maybe also Drava basins in today's Slovenia, where ancient annalists located residences of the Taurisci tribal union. Several variants of middle La Tene fibulas with openwork target decorated with pseudo-filigree S-shaped ornaments arranged mostly into a rosette are of local origin. Anyway, workshops in the both centres used to attach decorated targets to fibula foots by welding. Scordisci and Taurisci made these fibulas rather massive with the length of 55 mm and above. The third centre of production of the middle La Tene fibulas with the pseudo-filigree target on its foot has been proved in Transdanubia on the territory of the present-day Fejer comitat in Hungary. A conical target of the BF-HID type fibulas made in Transdanubian workshops had different number of concentric pseudo-filigree fibres. Its top was shaped into a rosette of small bumps - imitation of granulation. Targets of these fibulas were attached to foot with two rivets. The Transdanubian BF-HID type fibulas differ from those made in the Scordisci and Taurisci milieu also by their metric parameters. They were slighter, not longer than 40 mm.
4

ON THE PROBLEM OF BLUDGEONS FROM THE PERIOD OF THE AVAR KHAGANATE (K problematike bijakov z obdobia avarskeho kaganatu)

88%
Zabojnik J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2009
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vol. 57
|
issue 1
169-182
EN
The paper deals with occurrence of pear-, ball- or egg-shaped artefacts made of the antler or bone. In Russian scientific literature the term 'kisten' is used for its description. It is a part of striking weapon, in which movable joining of head and handle is used to increase the striking effect. Strokes are heavier and defence is more difficult than from stave and mace. Comparing with sword, mace or war hammer, impact force is not transmitted to the handle. The shield protection against strokes is problematic, too. Another advantage is that its head on the chain can wrap around the enemy's weapon. Ensuing swift movement backwards pulls the weapon out of his hands. In the Slovak scientific literature the term 'bijak' is used for this weapon, which occurs in horseman's graves from the Period of the Avar Khaganate. That's why its single-handed variant is hypothesized to exist. Majority of bludgeons can be dated to the late phase of the Period of the Avar Khaganate. In addition to another phenomena and artefacts that existed at the Khaganate territory in this period, occurrence of bludgeons proves intensive contacts between the Carpathian Basin and the Saltovo-Mayaki culture, where this type of weapon appears rather frequently.
5

MIDDLE LA TENE BRONZE FIBULAE DECORATED IN PSEUDO-FILIGREE AND PSEUDO-GRANULATION TECHNIQUES OF THE SCORDISCAN VARIANT. A RECOGNIZABLE FEATURE OF THE LOCAL MIDDLE LA TENE FEMALE COSTUME

88%
Dizdar M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
95 – 106
EN
Certain forms of bronze fibulae, alongside some forms of bronze belts, are recognizable items of the Middle La Tène Scordiscan female costume. One of those forms is the so-called Scordiscan variant of bronze fibulae with round plates decorated in pseudo-filigree and pseudo-granulation techniques. Fibulae belonging to this heterogeneous group, with specific variants singled out, are characteristic of communities along the Danube River which shared similar ideas of decoration of the female body during the Middle La Tène. The presence of numerous variants of fibulae clearly points to the existence of local workshops, regardless of noticeably the same basic decorative design concept in their production. Fibulae assigned to the Scordiscan variant have a characteristic trefoil motif with a knob on the top of the round plate and are, for now, known only from Scordiscan sites, due to which they can probably be considered products of their workshops. Finds of fibulae assigned to some other variants were also discovered at Scordiscan sites, indicating the existence of cultural contacts with neighbouring communities. In any case, bronze fibulae decorated in pseudo-filigree and pseudo-granulation techniques provide valuable findings of decorating Scordiscan women’s bodies, as well as their public presentation, i.e., the fibulae probably represent a recognizable manifestation of their visual identity.
6

K OTÁZKE PLASTICKEJ VÝZDOBY NA AMFORÁCH KARPATSKÝCH MOHYLOVÝCH KULTÚR

88%
Godiš J.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2017
|
vol. 21
|
issue suppl.
79 - 96
EN
The paper deals with the question of the occurrence of significant plastic decoration in the form of so-called crow’s foot, on the amphora-shaped ceramic vessels associated with the Carpathian Tumulus Grave cultural complex. This type of decoration can be quite reliably identified within ceramic material from the early phase of the Middle Bronze Age, where various elements of the previous highly-developed culture pottery styles are significantly fading-away. Some researchers associated this peculiar decorative phenomenon exclusively with the Tumulus Grave Culture, but sufficient attention has not yet been given to the detailed analysis, which would confirm these views. The primary objective of the study is to analyse archaeological contexts in which the mentioned plastic ornament occurs and to specify acquaintances with the internal development of the ceramic inventory of the Carpathian Tumulus Grave cultural complex. Earlier reviews of culturally specific nature of this phenomenon are verified from the view of the current state of research. Some observations related to other variations of plastic decorative applications appearing on the amphora-shaped vessels of the Tumulus Grave Culture provenance are outlined in the last section of this paper. The results are confronted with the hypothesis of the gradual spread of cultural elements of the forming Tumulus Grave Culture from the Middle Danube area to the eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin (nowadays central Hungary and the Tisza region) during the early period of the Middle Bronze Age.
7
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POKUS O VÝKLAD NIEKTORÝCH OTÁZNYCH SPÔSOBOV DEPONOVANIA KOPIJÍ A OŠTEPOV DO HROBOV VČASNOSTREDOVEKEJ KARPATSKEJ KOTLINY

75%
Husár M.
Konštantínove listy
|
2018
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
51 - 66
EN
In his article, the author dealt with debatable ways of depositions of the early medieval spears, lances, and javelins (thrusting pole arms) in graves from the Carpathian Basin. The time frame of the article is, in the given region, connected with the period of the Avar Khaganate, then with the 9th century and finally the period of the 10th – 11th centuries. Martin Husár identified the following ways of spears, lances, or javelins’ depositions in the aforementioned graves as debatable or questionable: the sticking into walls of a grave pit, oblique deposition over and under the deceased or a dead horse, deposition within a wooden construction or outside of it, deposition on or under a wooden construction, horizontal deposition in the filling of a grave, vertical sticking into the filling and the bottom of a grave, possible killing of a horse by a thrusting pole weapon deposited in a grave and the deposition of a deformed or broken head of a thrusting pole weapon. It can be stated that only during the period of the Avar Khaganate, all eight abovementioned ways of depositions were carried out.
8

ARCHÄOLOGISCHE DATEN ZU EINIGEN DETAILS DER TASCHEN- UND FEUERGERÄTEFUNDE DES 10. JAHRHUNDERTS IM KARPATENBECKEN IM SPIEGEL IHREN OSTEUROPÄISCHEN ANALOGIEN

75%
Türk A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2013
|
vol. 61
|
issue 1
177 – 198
EN
The archaeological analysis of the sabretache worn on belt has a significant importance in the research of the 10th century assemblages of the Carpathian Basin. These sabretaches are usually covered by various ornaments, plates or mounts. On the basis of the former research these 10th century artefacts were concordantly associated with the Eastern parallels. In the present paper the author re-evaluates these artefacts from the Carpathian Basin, in the light of the newly found Eastern sabretache-finds, and among them he separates a new type, the variant of sabretache stiffened with small iron tubes by the mouth of the find. Generally these sabretaches were used for storing some tools of lighting fire. A new type, which has had previously unknown function, can be determined, the so called small iron tubes holding touchwood. The both artefacts can be connected unambiguosly to the assemblages of the Southern Urals and the Volga region. According to these results, the genesis of the 10 – 11th century assemblages of the Carpathian Basin is not a finished research subject the material culture of the settler Magyar tribes from East may have had a decisive role. On the grounds of these observations the author’s firm belief, that beside the analysis of the Byzantine and local elements, which came to front recently, the methodologically modern research and persistent re-evaluation of the Eastern cultural contacts is indispensable.
9

ZLATÁ ZÁUŠNICE Z HOMOL (OKR. ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE) JAKO DOKLAD KONTAKTU JIŽNÍCH ČECH S KARPATSKOU KOTLINOU VE STARŠÍ DOBĚ BRONZOVÉ

75%
Chvojka O., John J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2020
|
vol. 68
|
issue suppl 1
237 – 246
EN
The article deals with a new unique find of a gold earring of the so-called Transylvanian type from Homole in South Bohemia. A detailed typological-chronological analysis is supplemented by an XRF analysis of golden alloy. The earring can be considered as evidence of either a direct or at least mediated influence from the Carpathian Basin to Bohemia in the Early Bronze Age.
10

DEPONOVANIE (?) SPÔN A KRUHOVÉHO ŠPERKU V NÁDOBÁCH VO VÝBAVE KELTSKÝCH HROBOV NA ÚZEMÍ KARPATSKEJ KOTLINY

75%
Repka D.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2017
|
vol. 21
|
issue suppl.
195 - 208
EN
Vessels as a part of funerary equipment are seen traditionally as dining and drinking service. It is assumed that they originally contained food and liquids used either du-ring the journey of the deceased to the eternity or during one’s life. In some cases, another function can be considered as well. In this regard, this contribution discusses the evidence of the La Tène burial pottery with unusual content. These are the findings of fibulae and rings with no traces of burnt human remains, the fact which excludes their function of urns. Considering the finding situation of the La Tène graves in the territory of the Carpathian Basin, the author tries to interpret these unusual contents of the burial pottery.
11

KOSTENÁ A PAROHOVÁ INDUSTRIA Z VÝŠINNÉHO OPEVNENÉHO SÍDLISKA V SPIŠSKOM ŠTVRTKU

75%
Oravkinová D., Hromadová B., Vlačiky M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2017
|
vol. 65
|
issue 1
23 – 80
EN
The artifacts made of bone and antler were a significant part of material culture during Early Bronze Age in the area of Carpathian Basin. They reflect whole range of aspects connected with past communities, e. g. economy, social organisation, relationship with the natural environment, relations among different social units, trade contacts, their intensity and direction, the scale of production, its organisation and quality etc. The main purpose of this paper is to infer partly those aspects on example of artifacts founded in the area of fortified settlement in Spišský Štvrtok, which is generally dated to Otomani-Füzesabony cultural complex. Within the meaning of contextual approach, all artefacts were subjected to zoological analysis for the purpose of determination of animal species and anatomic location. Applying macro- and microscopic technological-morphological analysis on chosen objects, we are able to distinguish manufacturing and functional traces as well as to identify production characteristics, techniques, methods, probable toolkit and function. Acquired knowledge was used for reconstruction of operational sequences separately for bone and antler artefacts. Those connected with morphological and typological classification in the context of analogical finds provide important information about status and meaning of bone and antler artifacts in techno-complex in selected period and space. On example of the collection from Spišský Štvrtok, we are able to define strategies of raw material section, production techniques and methods with potential chronological informative value, scale and quality of production, necessary toolkit for production. Those are analyzed in the context of settlement itself in addition to the context of the end of Early Bronze Age in Carpathian Basin.
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