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MATER DOLOROSA ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN RIGA (Sapju Dievmates Romas katolu baznica Riga)

100%

Levina M.

Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei

2004

vol. 4

33-40

Mater Dolorosa Roman Catholic Church is located in Old Riga, near the Riga Order Castle on the former filling-up of the Castle Moat. This is a quite recent example of sacred architecture in the Old Town because it was erected in the 2nd half of the 18th century. The construction history of this church is little known and very Interesting. After Reformation (1524) Catholic churches devolved on Lutherans' hands: in the so-called Swedish time Catholic churches, congregations and services were banned in Riga and Vidzeme. Only after the capture of Riga In 1710 Russians allowed to build Catholic churches here. In 1762 Catherine II issued an order to build a new church whose construction started by the castle in 1763. In 1765 it was consecrated as an 'oratorium publicum'. Historical sources give contradictory evidence on this first (wooden) church. Its previously unspecified location is given in a 1783 plan by Johann Christoph Brotze. A new stone church in Baroque style was erected in 1785. Construction of this new building was hastened by the Austrian Kaiser Josef II, visiting Riga in 1780, when he together with the Polish King Stanislaw August Poniatowski and the Russian 'tsesarevich' Pavel (the future Emperor Paul I) granted large sums of money for the reconstruction of the church. The new church originally was a stone hall with a simple rectangular planning and five windows in side facades and an altar facing the Castle Square. The main entrance was located in the southern part, at the centre of the side facade facing the present Polu gate. In 1837 a small polygonal baptistery (chapel) was added to the Northern facade along the axis of the main side entrance. A substantial reconstruction of the church was carried out in 1859 1860 after the architect Johann Daniel Felsko's (1813-1902) design, turning the small Baroque-style church into a noble Eclecticist building. The main entrance was transferred to the Castle Square and built in the ground floor of the massive frontal belfry (35 m high).

CONSTRUCTION HISTORY OF KRASLAVA CATHOLIC CHURCH AND MONASTERY IN THE REGIONAL HISTORICAL CONTEXT (Kraslavas katolu baznicas un klostera buvvesture novada vesturisko liktenu kopsakaribas)

75%

Kaminska R.

Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei

2006

vol. 5

9-23

Social, economical and political history is not always the most significant aspect in the study of architectural and artistic heritage. Still there are periods when the correlation between these factors and building activities acquires a special importance. Usually these are periods of changes when new political powers manifest their ideas that might concur with new conceptions of style and form as well as with involvement of masters coming from certain schools. The fortunes of Kraslava St. Louis' (Ludwik's) Church construction and artistic finish provide a good example. They have been influenced first of all by historical collisions concerning supervision and government of Eastern Latvia in the 18th and 19th centuries: independent principality of Polish Livonia included in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1562-1772) and the Western Province of the Russian Empire (since 1772). Parallel shifts of confessional balance influenced by re-catholisation processes happened in the region. They were related to the activities of particular Catholic spiritual orders in the 18th century. At the same time sequential shifts of historical stylistic paradigms are evident and local modifications of late Baroque are replaced by Neo-C1assicism in religious architecture and art by the end of the 18th century. Wooden church building in Kraslava has been mentioned already in the 16th century but in 1676 Jesuit Georg Ludinghausen-Wolff built a new wooden church on its place where Jesuit fathers subordinated to the Daugavpils residence of the order have served. Most significant changes in Kraslava started in 1729 when it passed to the Plater family. Initially Jesuits retained their positions in the Plater family properties and, possibly influenced by Jesuits, this German protestant family returned under the wing of the Catholic Church in the late 17th century. When Konstanty Ludwik Plater (1722-1778) took over the Kraslava manor, ambitious plans were carried out to build up the main family residence.

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2 Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei

1 Kaminska R.

1 Levina M.

1 2006

1 2004

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MATER DOLOROSA ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN RIGA (Sapju Dievmates Romas katolu baznica Riga)

CONSTRUCTION HISTORY OF KRASLAVA CATHOLIC CHURCH AND MONASTERY IN THE REGIONAL HISTORICAL CONTEXT (Kraslavas katolu baznicas un klostera buvvesture novada vesturisko liktenu kopsakaribas)