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Studia theologica
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 4
127–144
EN
The aim of this study is to analyze the attitudes of the Czech Catholic milieu towards Italian fascism and the authoritarian leader of this movement Benito Mussolini over the years 1918–1938. Although the topic itself is appealing and intellectually stimulating, the relationship between the Czech Catholic Church and Fascism has not been systematically studied and analyzed yet. Enthusiastic Catholics were appreciative of this new dynamic movement with its spiritual anchor, morality, law and spirituality, which Fascism outwardly manifested. Over the course of the 1930s, as the relationship between Pope Pius XI and the Italian regime changed, Czech Catholics also realized that the authoritarian Fascist movement was not a third way, as it might have seemed in the mid–1920s. The study links to additional sources and literature.
Rocznik Lubuski
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2008
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vol. 34
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issue 2
87-110
EN
For the first time Le Play was mentioned in Polish writing in 1860 by Ludwik Gorski. The author used Le Play's monographic method from 'Les ouvriers Europeens' (1855) to describe the conditions of country workers in Poland. Gorski did not find followers because of the 1863 uprising. Le Play was rediscovered in the early 1880s by Catholic intellectuals. In his social philosophy, which supported Catholic social teaching and influenced Catholic sociology, they found arguments against liberalism and socialism. Sociologists gathered around the Jesuit magazine 'Przeglad Powszechny', inspired by Le Play's monographic method, conducted many field works on the poorest residents of Cracow in the years 1885-1917. The early 1900s in Poland witnessed a massive critique of non-empirical sociology, and many sociologists started to do field work on contemporary social phenomena. One of them was Franciszek Bujak, who adapted Le Play's and his disciples' method to write exceptional monographs on single villages and a town (between 1901 and 1914). Following Bujak, many field studies on social issues were conducted in Poland. These were inspired not only by Le Play but also by German researchers gathered around 'Verein fuer Socialpolitik'. The priest Aleksander Woycicki was the last one whose research was based strictly on Le Play's monographic method ('Robotnik polski w zyciu rodzinnym' 1918-1920). Between the wars sociography was criticized. As Florian Znaniecki pointed out, sociology, instead of gathering a multitude of social facts and describing them, should try to discover the most important social problems and to explain them in terms of sociological theory. Research in this spirit was conducted in the 1930s mainly by Jozef Chalasinski, Jozef Obrebki and Stanislaw Rychlinski.
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