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'BESEECH A GOOD DEATH...'. THE TRADITION OF FUNERAL SINGING IN THE VILNIUS REGION ('Upros smierc dobra..'. Spiewy pogrzebowe na Wilenszczyznie)

100%

Marszalik B.

Przegląd Muzykologiczny

2003

issue 3

109-141

The authoress has carried out field research among Polish communities of Catholic denomination near Vilnius (Lithuania) in 1999-2001. Funeral singing is still a living tradition in this region. The singing is meant to help the soul of the dead attain eternal life and to console the family. The ceremony consists of three phases: night-singing in the house of the deceased, the procession to the cemetery and the accompanying burial, and the funeral dinner. All phases are assisted by a group of 4-15 female or male singers. Each group has either a female or, less frequently, a male leader, highly esteemed in the community, who shapes the repertoire and its succession. However, each funeral repertoire has an indispensable part and some additional songs. The basic part contains, among other songs, songs with the imagined last words of the deceased. The optional songs are performed for the moral inspiration of living witnesses. The funeral repertoire is based mostly on printed or written sources of Catholic or Protestant origin, but as a musical repertoire it functions orally, like folk songs. Funeral singing comprises melodic recitation, melodies based on psalmody, and strophic songs frequently based on modal scales. As a religious repertoire sung away from church, funeral songs can serve occasionally as magic formulas to prevent or bring about death. As prayers, the songs elevate the ceremony. They mediate between heaven and earth. The core of the funeral repertoire beseeches Jesus, His Mother and patron saints for the favour of a good death.

Głos Miloša Martena w sporze o sens czeskich dziejów

88%

Pająk A.

Bohemistyka

2009

vol. 9

issue 2

81 - 89

The paper named Voice of Miloš Marten in the dispute over the sense of Czech history examines the role of the text Nad městem in this particular historical debate. Marten (1883–1917) was a literary critic and essayist and contributor to the magazine „Modern revue”. The choice of dialogue as a literary genre of this piece, follows in with the discursive character of the historic dispute. The dialogue between the Czech Michal and the French foreigner follows the most turbulent moments of Czech history – starting with the emergence of the Hussite movement, the Battle of White Mountain and its consequences and concluding with the baroque art and culture. Many interpretations of this text see in the figure of Allan, who is a Frenchman enthusiastic about Prague, the great French poet Paul Claudel. The dialogue Nad městem is a personal reading of the events, in which the essayist stands for a reassessment of the approach to the past. He suggests changing the stereotyped view of the decline of Czech culture in 17th century and returning the oppressed Catholic tradition to its proper place within Czech culture.

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'BESEECH A GOOD DEATH...'. THE TRADITION OF FUNERAL SINGING IN THE VILNIUS REGION ('Upros smierc dobra..'. Spiewy pogrzebowe na Wilenszczyznie)

Głos Miloša Martena w sporze o sens czeskich dziejów