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The Economic Integration of the Central and Eastern European Countries into the European Union: Special Reference to Regional Development

100%
Bharti M. S.
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
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2022
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issue 2
11-23
EN
The purpose of this paper is to research on the Central and Eastern European countries’ (CEECs) economic development after joining the European Union (EU). Moreover, this study highlights the key policies of economic integration into the EU and integration is a success story for the CEE countries. This paper also describes the key indicators and tools of the development model adopted by the CEE countries as a member of the EU. This study covers the period from 2004 to 2021. The objective of this study is to relate to the EU’s economic and trade policies, and how they brought the development to the region after the successful integration. To what extent, the CEE countries could develop their economic position in comparison to the other EU member countries. The research used empirical and comparative analysis methods to search the economic growth and regional development. Through this method, the research answers the questions and tests the hypothesis. The study concludes that the economic integration of the CEECs into the EU is successful. As a result, the development of this region has been accelerated and the EU’s economic policies have successfully been implemented in many countries. Finally, The EU’s economic policy has changed the dynamics of regions’ development and shaped the stronger trade and common market among the member states. The EU’s integration has impacted the gradual economic growth across the CEE countries.
2
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Regional Development in Central-Eastern European Countries at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Path Dependence and Effects of EU Cohesion Policy

100%
Dyba W., Loewen B., Looga J., Zdražil P.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2018
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vol. 37
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issue 2
EN
Cohesion Policy has provided new impulses for development in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) that continue to be challenged by regional disparities. This paper investigates the effects of the European Union Cohesion Policy on regional development. After presenting historical development patterns of the investigated area and opportunities afforded by this policy, its effects on a variety of indicators are analysed for the period 2007–2014. The analysis allowed confirming positive effects of EU Cohesion Policy on the development of CEE regions. However, these effects differ across the investigated area. Moving forward, it will be crucial to develop institutions and policies characteristic to each region that are stable and efficient without external funds.
3
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Institutional quality as a determinant of FDI inflow: the case of Central and Eastern European countries

100%
Dorożyński T., Dobrowolska B., Kuna-Marszałek A.
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences
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2019
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issue 36
103-122
EN
In the article, we focus on the institutional aspects and their role in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). Hence, the objective of the paper is to assess institutional quality in 17 countries of Central and Eastern Europe and to examine the relationship between the quality of institutions measured with the synthetic index of institutional quality and FDI inflow. This study is structured as follows. First, it explores the existing literature on factors of investment attractiveness, paying special attention to the importance of institutional efficiency. Then, we discuss FDI inflow into Central and Eastern European countries and select diagnostic variables that will later be used as the basis for the construction of a synthetic index of institutional quality (SIIQ). By composing a ranking of countries based on estimated values of the index, we could identify countries of similar institutional quality. In the last stage we analyse the correlation between SIIQ in individual countries and FDI inward stock as % of GDP. At the end we present conclusions.
4
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Regional Development in Central-Eastern European Countries at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Path Dependence and Effects of EU Cohesion Policy

100%
Dyba W., Loewen B., Looga J., Zdražil P.
Quaestiones Geographicae
|
2018
|
vol. 37
|
issue 2
EN
Cohesion Policy has provided new impulses for development in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) that continue to be challenged by regional disparities. This paper investigates the effects of the European Union Cohesion Policy on regional development. After presenting historical development patterns of the investigated area and opportunities afforded by this policy, its effects on a variety of indicators are analysed for the period 2007–2014. The analysis allowed confirming positive effects of EU Cohesion Policy on the development of CEE regions. However, these effects differ across the investigated area. Moving forward, it will be crucial to develop institutions and policies characteristic to each region that are stable and efficient without external funds.
5
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Civil liability for artificial intelligence products versus the sustainable development of CEECs: which institutions matter?

86%
Godlewska M., Morawska S., Banasik P.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
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2020
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vol. 82
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issue 2
179-192
EN
The aim of this paper is to conduct a meta-analysis of the EU and CEECs civil liability institutions in order to find out if they are ready for the Artificial Intelligence (AI) race. Particular focus is placed on ascertaining whether civil liability institutions such as the Product Liability Directive (EU) or civil codes (CEECs) will protect consumers and entrepreneurs, as well as ensure undistorted competition. In line with the aforementioned, the authors investigate whether the civil liability institutions of the EU and CEECs are based on regulations that can be adapted to the new generation of robots that will be equipped with learning abilities and have a certain degree of unpredictability in their behaviour. The conclusion presented in the paper was drawn on the basis of a review of the current literature and research on national and European regulations. The primary contribution that this article makes is to advance the current of the research concerning the concepts of AI liability for damage and personal injury. A second contribution is to show that the current civil liability institutions of the EU as well as the CEECs are not sufficiently prepared to address the legal issues that will  start to arise when self-driving vehicles or autonomous drones begin operating in fully autonomous modes and possibly cause property damage or personal injury.
6
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Using Acemoglu and Robinson’s Concept to Assess Leviathans in CEECs in the Long Term

72%
Matera R.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
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2022
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vol. 25
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issue 3
63-89
PL
Celem artykułu było wykorzystanie następujących pojęć z koncepcji Darona Acemoglu i Jamesa Robinsona: despotyczny, realny, papierowy i poskromiony Lewiatan, do oceny stanu demokracji, siły rządów i mobilizacji społecznej w Europie Środkowo‑Wschodniej w długim okresie. W badaniu uwzględniono: Polskę, Czechy, Słowację (przed 1993 r. Czechosłowację), Węgry, Rumunię i Bułgarię. Na podstawie analizy historycznej wyodrębniono typy Lewiatanów w okresie międzywojennym, w czasach komunizmu i transformacji. W najnowszym okresie (XXI wiek) wykorzystano do tego osiem indeksów demokracji i wolności, które mierzą i oceniają jakość rządzenia, stan instytucji i potencjał kapitału społecznego w sześciu krajach Europy Środkowo‑Wschodniej. Sprawdzono przydatność tych indeksów do oceny, czy i kiedy danemu krajowi udało się poskromić Lewiatana.
EN
The main objective of the paper is to use the following terms of Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson – Despotic, Real, Paper, Shackled Leviathans – to check and evaluate the state of democracy, governance and social power in Central and Eastern European Countries (CECCs). Six states were included in the study: Poland, Czechia, Slovakia (before 1993 Czechoslovakia), Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Based on a historical analysis, Leviathan types were identified in the interwar period, communism, and the transition time. In the most recent period (the twenty‑first century), eight democracy and freedom indices were presented, which take into account the quality of governance, the state of institutions and the potential of social capital in the six CEECs. The usefulness of these indices for assessing whether (and when) a country managed to shackle Leviathan were checked.
7
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Mining, Poverty, and Income Inequality in Central and Eastern European Countries: What Do the Data Tell Us?

72%
Tsaurai K.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
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2021
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vol. 24
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issue 3
7-25
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania wpływu górnictwa zarówno na ubóstwo, jak i na nierówności dochodowe w krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, przy użyciu metod estymacji ekonometrycznej z wykorzystaniem danych panelowych z lat 2009–2019. Drugim celem tego artykułu było ustalenie, czy komplementarność górnictwa i rozwoju infrastruktury zmniejsza ubóstwo lub nierówności dochodowe w krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej. Impulsem do podjęcia badań był brak w istniejącej literaturze przedmiotu wspólnego stanowiska w kwestii wpływu górnictwa na ubóstwo i nierówności dochodowe. Istniejąca literatura na ten temat jest sprzeczna, niejednoznaczna i rozbieżna, dlatego też otwiera drogę do dalszych badań empirycznych. Badanie potwierdziło, że błędne koło ubóstwa występuje w krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej. Zgodnie z dynamicznymi uogólnionymi metodami momentów (GMM), górnictwo miało znaczący wpływ na redukcję ubóstwa w krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej. Dynamiczna metoda momentów GMM i efektów losowych ujawniły, że komplementarność górnictwa i rozwoju infrastruktury również przyczyniła się do zmniejszenia ubóstwa w krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej. Metoda efektów losowych i metoda pooled OLS pokazują, że górnictwo znacząco zmniejszyło nierówności dochodowe w krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej. Jednak wyniki uzyskane przy zastosowaniu metody efektów losowych i dynamicznej metody GMM wskazują, że nierówności dochodowe zostały znacznie zmniejszone dzięki komplementarności górnictwa i rozwoju infrastruktury. W związku z tym zachęca się władze krajów Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej do wdrażania polityk ukierunkowanych na rozwój górnictwa i rozwój infrastruktury, aby skutecznie walczyć z podwójnymi wyzwaniami związanymi z ubóstwem i nierównościami dochodowymi.
EN
The study investigates the effect of mining on both poverty and income inequality in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) using econometric estimation methods with panel data spanning from 2009 to 2019. Another objective of this paper was to determine if the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development reduced poverty and or income inequality in CEECs. What triggered the study is the failure of the existing literature to have a common ground regarding the impact of mining on poverty and or income inequality. The existing literaturę on the subject matter is contradictory, mixed, and divergent; hence, it paves the way for further empirical tests. The study confirmed that the vicious cycle of poverty is relevant in CEECs. According to the dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM), mining had a significant poverty reduction influence in CEECs. The dynamic GMM and random effects revealed that the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development also enhanced poverty reduction in CEECs. Random effects and pooled OLS shows that mining significantly reduced income inequality in CEECs. However, random effects and the dynamic GMM results indicate that income inequality was significantly reduced by the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development. The authorities in CEECs are therefore urged to implement mining growth and infrastructural development-oriented policies in order to successfully fight off the twin challenges of poverty and income inequality.
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