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EAST-WEST STUDIES IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY COMPARATIVE STUDIES (Studia Wschód - Zachód w kontekscie wspólczesnej komparatystyki)

100%
Zelenkova A.
Porównania
|
2009
|
vol. 6
39-45
EN
The paper is focused on comparative and interliterary research designated as East-West Studies. Such research mainly consists in the typological study of similarities and differences between regions (areas) with remote culture and poetology as well as geography. One of the major figures in the field of East-West Studies, apart from R. Etiemble and C. Guillén, is E. Miner, the American comparative scholar who devised its terminology and methodology. He regards intercultural comparative studies as an alternative project of the 'world' aspect of literature, as a cultural dialogue between the West and the East (e.g. Europe and America and their communication with the Orient). In the Czech-Slovak tradition, East-West Studies have represented the relationship of the West towards the Slavonic world. Czech Slavonic scholar K. Krejci concluded that the dialogue between the European West and the Slavonic East had been maintained through myths which, however, may have become a historical fact. The West discovered Eastern Europe (Russia) rather late, in the 18th century, while Slavonic intellectuals got acquainted with the West in person, through visits and reading books in the original. It was namely Czechs and Poles who manifested the cultural 'split' between the West and the East.
2
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POSTCOLONIALISM VS. CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE (Postkolonializm a Europa Srodkowo-Wschodnia).

88%
Korek J.
Porównania
|
2008
|
vol. 5
75-90
EN
The author of the article claims that in research on history and contemporary problems of Central and Eastern Europe a postcolonial perspective is requisite. Traditional postcolonial studies, usually controlled by representatives of a leftist orientation, have until recently neglected or rejected such a possibility. One ought not conceal the fact that a multitude of contemporary problems that pervade the countries of this region are political, economic, social or mental remnants of the colonial period, be it Soviet or German, especially from the Second World War. This directs the author's attention to the mechanisms of annexation, the types of hegemony and methods of obtaining domination, formation of colonial and anticolonial discourses, the strategies of ruling and knowledge production in Central and Eastern Europe subjugated by Soviet and German imperialisms. Western research assured the colonised dependency of Central and Eastern Europe suggesting political and civilisational inferiority of the region in relation to the West. The German, or Western in general, colonial discourses targeted at this region of Europe is not only an issue of the past. The author claims that it is possible to develop a language that allows to express, describe and compare cultural phenomena and colonial experience with the phenomena of the Soviet era and post-Soviet experience retaining all their differences. The opposition between the East and the West as an extremely ideologised abstract category is useless.
3
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POST-TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE IN THE REGION OF THE CENTRAL-EAST EUROPE. AN ANALYSIS OF THE LUSTRATIONS AND THE NATION´S MEMORY INSTITUTES (Posttranzicna spravodlivost v regione stredovychodnej Europy. Analyza lustracii a ustavov pamati naroda)

75%
Bezak T.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2011
|
vol. 43
|
issue 4
420-446
EN
The goal of this paper is to analyse the main processes dealt with the communist past in selected countries in the region of Central-East Europe (CEE) - lustrations and the umbrella institutions aimed at the reflection of undemocratic past (the so-called institutes of national remembrance). The paper has two main hypotheses: I. Countries that democratized themselves through lengthy round table talks involving the representatives of regime and opposition had their coming to terms with undemocratic past delayed in comparison to the countries where transition was rather quick and controlled by opposition; II. Left-oriented political parties do support laws aimed at dealing with communist past (or do not object against it at least) only if there is a real threat that the next parliament will be more right-wing oriented and could possibly adopt a harsher law. In the first part the author argues that the transitional dynamics is of great importance for the policy of dealing with the oppressor regime. Where the process was quick and the opposition was in control, transitional justice will follow in early years after the system change and vice versa. But sooner or later the ideological alternation in government happened everywhere. Why had elites in those same countries later adopted lustration laws? A conclusive answer can be found by using the conceptual tools of game theory. The author analyses the preferences of relevant political actors and is therefore able to clarify the paradoxical situation when lustration laws were in various cases supported (or at least not objected) by left-oriented political parties.
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