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CERTIFICATION OF PUBLIC UTILITIES ORGANIZATIONS - THE WAY TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE NON-GOVERNMENTAL SECTOR IN POLAND (Certyfikacja organizacji pozytku publicznego - sposób na poprawe sprawnosci sektora pozarzadowego w Polsce)

100%
Meisel-Dobrzanski J.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2010
|
issue 3 /(47)
165-184
EN
One of the elements of the reform of Polish public administration is delegating to the non-governmental sector more and more responsibilities for actions by public utilities. Despite more and more advanced legal regulations this process has not produced the expected results. One of the main reasons for this state of affairs is a low level of management of public organizations. This article calls for introducing voluntary quality certificates which would enhance the efficiency of public utilities organizations. Such measures should significantly contribute to: proffesionalization of the non-governmental sector, improvement in the effectiveness of utilization of public means and strengthening of social capital
2
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Funkcjonowanie akredytowanych podmiotów doradczych w rolnictwie

88%
Mickiewicz A., Wawrzyniak B. M.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
|
2013
|
issue 1(71)
5-18
EN
The paper presents the development of private advisory bodies. First there was analyzed the phenomenon in the whole country and then conducted a survey of 58 respondents. During the period 2008-2012 there were created 157 licensed advisory entities, most of which were run by male owners (63.7%). There were mainly located in rural municipalities and villages (52.2%) and to a lesser extent in county and provinces towns. The surveyed advisors were characterized by higher education level and generally remained at a young age, in most cases assuming a private consulting firm and previously worked in the state advisory center. Among the motives for their work on their own they mentioned the desire to become independent and trying themselves in business. The main attention in the counseling process was paid to give advice with regard to direct payments, RDP, use of advisory services in connection with the fulfillment of cross-compliance requirements and conducting agricultural documentation.
3

CERTIFICATION: BACKGROUND, IMPORTANCE AND BUILDING UP THE LEGAL BASIS

75%
Khramova-Baranova O.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2009
|
issue 1
173-178
EN
Marking of products has a long history, and historiography had to outline issues to be dealt with in this field of studies. They covered the origin of measures and weights, standards and certificates, control, metrology and certification. Evolution of measures and weights is shown in detail, from ancient times (Assyria, Babylon, Greece) when they first appeared, to the medieval age, when the expansion of handcrafts enhanced the importance of stamping goods and certifying services, and to the capitalist era. The latter changed national markets due to the mass-scaled manufacturing, entailing boost of trade and competition. It was competition that pushed producers to seek for loyal consumers, which required quality enhancement, to be certified in a specific way. Therefore, the role of brand increased in the two aspects: as a mean to individualize a commodity, and as a promotion instrument. Legal protection of brands has existed since long now. Its history began with enforcement of legal sanctions for forging a brand, followed by enforcement of legal acts on protection of brands, and protection of brands at international level, implemented in the Paris Convention on Property Protection (1983) and the Madrid Agreement (1891), which was subject to a series of later revisions. Also, legal protection of brands has its history in Russia and Ukraine. As foreign trade was expanding, the need was felt in external expertise of products, independent of a producer and a consumer, to check the products' conformity with quality requirements. In this way, certification appeared, becoming an important instrument for quality management.
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