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1

ON THE PROBLEMS OF LATE PALEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT IN NORTHERN SLOVAKIA. EXAMPLE OF STARA LUBOVNA SITE

100%
Valde-Nowak P., Sojak M., Was M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 1
1-22
EN
Existing state of research on the Late Palaeolithic in Spis is not satisfactory. Majority of sites were explored by reconnaissance only. International archaeological excavations in 2005 was realised at the site of Stara Lubovna at Pod Stokom I position, north-eastern part of Spis, over the river Poprad right-bank terrace. The site geological substratum is the Inner Carpathian Palaeogene, on which Quarterian terrace of the river Poprad has been preserved. The area of 5 x 10 m was explored at the site with considerable accumulation of chipped stone artefacts. Typology of the chipped stone industry from the reconnaissance and the control trench allows to separate several 'technological components' - Neolithic, Swiderian, Magdalenian, Epigravettian(?) and Middle Palaeolithic ones. A pseudo-Levalloisian point is the Middle Palaeolithic artefact. Several massive blades and a blade core with flat platform are Epigravettian. A point with flat retouch on its tang, that is characteristic for the Swiderian culture, is a distinct form of typology. Explicit contacts with the Magdalenian culture, with analogies mainly on the territories of Poland, Moravia and Switzerland, are in the group of typical cores and implements. Macrolithic forms of burins and some types of borers are characteristic. Connections to the closest workshop of the Magdalenian culture for working of radiolarite raw material at the site Sromowce-Wyzne Katy 1 and Sromowce-Wyzne 8 are relevant. As far as the used raw materials are concerned, red Pieniny radiolarite predominates followed by manganese, green and flysh Jaslo radiolarites; other less frequent raw materials are Bircza flint, Cretaceous, Volhynian and Jurassic flints, rarely obsidian and limnoquartzite. Raw material composition of artifacts from the territory of present-day Poland can indicate the settlement that originally lived at the Carpathians northern side. The raw material spectrum is colourful, what is characteristic for 'Carpathian provenience of chipped artifacts'. The entire inventory was subjected to the refittings method. Majority of the chipped stone industry from Stara Lubovna belongs to the Magdalenian technocomplex. Presence of the Magdalenian culture at Spis has been for the first time indicated by older finds from Haligovce-Aksamitka but they have no support in significant finds. Proving of the settlement of the Magdalenian culture bearers in northern Slovakia has changed the extend of this culture at its entire space.
2
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SPIŠSKÉ PODHRADIE-DREVENÍK, AN IMPORTANT PALAEOLITHIC SITE OF THE LOWER SPIŠ

88%
Soják M., Wawrczak M.
Študijné zvesti
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue suppl. 2
83 - 92
EN
This paper presents analysis of the chipped stone industry from the upland settlement in Spišské Podhradie-Dreveník. The site has been devastated by the exploitation of travertine. The survey yielded 33 artefacts which can be dated to the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic (Szeletian, Aurignacian), the Late Palaeolithic or the Mesolithic. Two bifacial retouched points and a combined end scraper/burin tool made of radiolarite can be dated to the Szeletian. As for raw materials, radiolarite prevails over patinated silicite and chocolate flint.
3
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PRVÉ DOKLADY EPIPALEOLITICKÉHO OSÍDLENIA NA ÚZEMÍ LIPTOVA

75%
Valde-Nowak P., Struhár V.
Študijné zvesti
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2008
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issue 43
251 - 258
EN
Long tradition of archaeological research in Liptov is in contrast with excavated Palaeolithic sites. Rescue excavation at the position of Kaštieľ sv. Žofie in northeast Ružomberok at the confluence of rivers Revúca and Váh in 2002 brought sporadic finds of chipped stone industry. Typology of raw materials dated them to the Epipalaeolithic. Typology of the artefacts is not distinctive. Blades and their fragments (6 pieces) occurred apart from flakes (4 pieces). Cultural classification of the artefacts is problematic; Swiderian or Magdalenian (recently proved at Stará Ľubovňa in Spiš) cultures are possible. The majority of finds from Ružomberok are obviously of Epipalaeolithic age, but with no further cultural classification. Camps situated in the vicinity of thermal springs are more numerous. Neanderthal men sought for hot springs as soon as in the middle Palaeolithic (Bešeňová). The finds of chipped stone industry from Ružomberok are the first evidence of Epipalaeolithic settlement in Liptov. Very probably it was a short-term hunter’s camp with advantageous position over the confluence of two rivers providing ideal conditions for tracking and hunting of migrating game. The new sporadic Epipalaeolithic finds are known from the other sites in Liptov (Východná and Liptovská Teplá-Kalameny) as well. The camps in Liptov were connected with Polish ones through the region of Orava where several Epipalaeolithic sites with occurrence of radiolarite and flint chipped stone industry were found. An isolated artefact on the line to Orava was found at the site of Oravice. Existing absence of Palaeolithic finds has been caused by insufficient field activities and detailed prospection and does not reflect real cultural conditions of prehistoric Liptov.
4

PALAEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT IN MORAVANY NAD VAHOM-DLHA. RESULTS OF JURAJ BARTA'S EXCAVATIONS IN 1963 AND 1990 (Paleoliticke osidlenie v Moravanoch nad Vahom-Dlhej. Vysledky vyskumov Juraja Bartu z rokov 1963 a 1990)

75%
Nemergut A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 2
183-206
EN
The study presents more complex compilation of J. Barta's revisory excavations at Moravany nad Vahom-Dlha that were realised in 1963 and 1990. In more details it describes the methods used in the research, stratigraphic situation at the site and the analysed collection of chipped stone industry as well. Stone artefacts were found mostly in two layers one closely above the other. The cultural layer purportedly occurred in a fossil earth under topsoil prevailingly and rarely also in a layer of light loess. Mostly, they are made of local raw materials, such as radiolarites and quartz. Imported raw materials, obsidian and limnosilicite, are less frequent. The range of raw materials is complemented with silicificated sandstone. As the technology of chipped stone artefacts is concerned, a stone waste is the most numerous, which is followed by unretouched flakes, retouched tools, unretouched blades and cores. The most frequent implements are leaf-shaped points - the type with rounded base - and their fragments of various sizes and in connection with the retouch type in three variants: with overall flat retouch, partial flat retouch and without flat retouch. Their production is documented by finds of semi-products and waste as well at the site. Retouched blades and flakes are rather frequent, too. End-scrapers, side-scrapers, burins and combined tools are less frequent. Analysis of the tools technology and typology help date the site settlement into the Szeletian period. This is connected with the frequent occurrence of flat retouch on leaf-shaped points and on some other retouched tools as well. The stone tools composition with ample amount of leaf-shaped points, end-scrapers, side-scrapers, etc. together with usage of local raw materials and a big share of flakes in comparison to blades are typical characteristics. The site at Moravany nad Vahom-Dlha is pointed out to have a big potential for deeper comprehension of the transitional period between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic and its significance in prehistory.
5

NITRA I-CERMAN AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE GRAVETTIAN SETTLEMENT STRUCTURE IN SLOVAKIA (Nitra I-Cerman v ramci struktury osidlenia gravettienskej kultury na Slovensku)

75%
Kaminska L., Kozlowski J. K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2011
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vol. 59
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issue 1
1-85
EN
Barta's excavations in the years 1959-1968 revealed multiple settlements at Nitra I-Cerman functioning during the Upper Gravettian. The finds were dated to the shouldered point horizon on the basis of typological structure of artefacts, their stratigraphic position in loess profiles as well as their dates: 14C - GRN-2449 = 22 860 ± 400 BP - a layer with archaeological finds on the base of upper loess; 14C - GRN-2456 = 24 220 ± 640 BP - humic horizon attributed to the 'Cerman oscillation'. The oldest settlement comes from the end of the formation of humic horizon, the next one is connected with its surface and two phases were situated in the lower part of the upper loess. Chipped artefacts and bones of reindeer, horse and mammoth were concentrated mostly around the hearths. Chipped stone industry is represented by assemblages with mostly burins, backed tools, among them shouldered points, microliths and retouched blades. End-scrapers, retouched truncations, perforators, truncated flakes, denticulated and notched tools are less numerous. Dominant raw materials are radiolarite (63.8%) limnosilicite (21.5%) and erratic flint (5.1%). Besides the sites of the shouldered point horizon in the Vah basin, Nitra I-Cerman is a significant settlement unit in the Nitra river basin. The connection of these two regions through the Jastrabske sedlo was the route of hunter groups looking for radiolarite sources in the vicinity of the Vlarsky priesmyk and farther for erratic flint in Silesia.
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