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1

Rationality--Human Individual--Action

100%
Aleksandrowicz D.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
|
2004
|
vol. 13
|
issue 1(49)
257-270
EN
The rational choice theory pretends to explain human behaviour. It is not clear, however, that the theory can accomplish this task without first justifying a broader conception of rationality. Is it rational to maximise profits or to minimise risks? It seems that the theory must adopt some such limiting assumptions, by replacing, for instance, 'expected payoffs' by 'subjectively perceived advantages', before it can begin to make any recommendations. The subjective approach involves individual preferences based on memory of past events. If someone wants to beat the record of the latter day Simon Stylite, he must first consult the Guinness Book of Records to learn who recently remained longest on the top of a pillar. Then, in one sense, it is rational for the challenger to stay on the pillar for a longer time than the most recent record breaker did, but at the same time it is not entirely rational for him to undertake this task at all. It seems that all individuals are capable of seeing both sides of the coin. If so, the dichotomy of objective versus subjective characterisation of rationality can be replaced by a holistic versus aspect approach.
2

Maximizers and Satisficers in Consumer Culture Changes

88%
ROUBAL O.
Communication Today
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 2
38–55
EN
Consumer culture in the era of late modernity undergoes dynamic changes of global significance. One of the key attributes of these changes constitutes an increasing supply of opportunities and quantitative volumes of different product options. However, this trait of so-called “consumer society” is largely ambivalent. On the one hand, expansion of opportunities constitutes a desirable source of realisation and emancipation of personal freedoms and independence; on the other hand, demands on the ability to individually manage the consequences of one’s own decisions (and to take responsibility for these decisions) increase. We can see this ambivalence well with respect to an example of two different adaptive strategies of consumer choice – maximizers and satisficers. Maximizers are likely to achieve better objective outcomes of their selections than satisficers, but their subjective perception of these results is, according to empirical evidence, more affected by negative emotions. These and other findings should be used more extensively in the marketing practice associated with business strategies.
3

DOES RENT DEREGULATION INFLUENCE HOUSING TENURE CHOICE? THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

75%
Špalková D., Špalek J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2014
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vol. 62
|
issue 7
692 – 708
EN
The choice between buying and renting house is usually referred to as tenure choice. Existing literature defines several typical factors (patterns) which influence this key decision every household has to make. In our analysis we propose one more factor which might be of interest. Based on the data covering last phase of the rent deregulation process in the Czech Republic (CR) in 2005 – 2011 we assess to what extent rent deregulation in the CR has influenced the tenure choice patterns. Our analysis using logit model did prove that regulated rents were an important factor affecting tenure choice. After deregulation households living in apartments with regulated rent preferred to buy house rather than stay in rental sector. The results show that also in the CR was tenure choice influenced by household income, education, marital status. By contrast, gender, age, number of children or retired persons in the household turned out to be insignificant.
4

ELEMENTS OF A THEORY OF NONPHYSICAL AGENTS IN THE PHYSICAL WORLD

75%
Meixner U.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2019
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vol. 26
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issue 1
104 – 121
EN
This paper shows that there is a quantum-physical and evolution-biological perspective for (libertarian) free will, and that the so-called scientific arguments against it are in reality metaphysical arguments and insufficient. The paper also develops the idea of a nonphysical organ of higher organisms: the Domindar (Detector of macroscopic in determination, and restrictor).
5

KIERKEGAARD: O VÁŠNI AKO VÔLI K EXISTENCII

75%
Petkanič M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2013
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vol. 68
|
issue 1
62 – 73
EN
In the history of thought we would hardly find an author accentuating passion in his work as strongly as Kierkegaard did. But his comprehension of passion does not correspond to common usage of the term. The paper begins, therefore, with pointing out to the differences between the common understanding of passion as a strong emotion and Kierkegaard’s specific concept of passion as an essential interest in one’s own existence. However, the main intention of the paper is to offer an interpretation of his specific concept of passion as the will to existence based on the analysis of the correlative relationship between passion and existence. Some positive aspects of passion as found in Kierkegaard’s authorship are outlined as well.
6

„Refleksje w zawieszeniu” – źródła i początki myśli Władysława Stróżewskiego

63%
Baranowska M. M.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2019
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vol. 47
|
issue 2
101 - 117
EN
The article discusses a series of nine short essays by Władysław Stróżewski published at the beginning of the 70s in the “Znak” monthly. They all revolve around anthropological and axiological issues, and they all follow a similar framework: the author begins with a question or a problem, e.g., the choice of values, situational involvement, freedom and limitation, faith, despair and hope, and shows how through a dialectical search and inner transformations a new perspective opens up onto the Absolute. Similar themes can also be found in Stróżewski’s later works. Even the use of the dialectical method reappears in his book Dialektyka twórczości (Dialectics of Creativity). The questions of the meaning of reality, the logos, and faith all continually make their mark throughout his oeuvre. All these themes, together with those absent from “Suspended Thoughts”, i.e. art and beauty, reappear in the extensive interview published in 2017, Miłość i nicość (Love and Nothingness).
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