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EN
As a priest, J. Záborský (1812 – 1876) not only delivered sermons, but was also in daily direct contact with the members of his congregation. After briefly outlining the attitudes of the society and church towards the issue of the rich and still viable system of superstitions, the article analyses Záborský’s sermons and offers a look at specific forms of everyday life in rural areas of Slovakia in the mid-19th century. The two volumes of his collected sermons came out under the title Múdrosť života ve chrámových řečech [Wisdom of life in speeches in the temple] and were published in Vienna in 1853. The texts are of high linguistic and literary value and among other things tackle social vices including superstition and spiritual limitedness of the people. Záborský criticises superstition several times in his sermons and expresses the opinion that education through the service of the word leading to an intimate knowledge of the true Christian teachings and is the only way in which superstition can be uprooted. One of the sermons deals exclusively with superstition and the fact that it is widespread. The article takes this text as the basis for the analysis and in doing so provides an insight into both the “unofficial” folk beliefs rejected by the church and author’s attitudes towards the matter.
EN
Al-Hakim was a Fatimid caliph who reigned in the late 10th and the early 11th century. His rule was characterised by a strong pressure exerted on his non-Muslim, especially Christian, subjects. The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into his policy concerning the Christian minority in Egypt and Syria, to describe the reasons that made Al-Hakim turn against Christians as well as the reasons that made him change his attitude towards them shortly before his death.
EN
(Polish title: Idzmy naprzód z nadzieja! Pedagogiczno-katechetyczne aspekty odczytywania przez chrzescijan znaków czasu we wspólczesnym swiecie). The mission of the Church consists not only in the transfer to people of the evangelical message of Christ, but also on the improvement with the evangelical spirit of the entire order of worldly matters and the proper reading and understanding of the signs of time. This saturate with the spirit of the Gospel in all events and fields of reality which constitute the proper specificity of the apostleship. Christians must become for the world readable signs of God's kingdom. In the article one can make an attempt of the indications of pedagogic-catechistic aspects of the perception and the proper understanding undertaken by Christians of the signs of time in the modern world. Christians realize through this task consecratio mundi and thanks to this, can go ahead hopefully. These was discussed by the realization of the fact that Christian did not escape, but lives in the modern world for which they try to witness the kingdom of God and show to the world the way of the Gospel.
EN
The Roman Empire found itself in a long-lasting socio-political and economic crisis in the middle of the 3rd century. In 249, on the military acclamation, Decius succeeded to the Imperial throne, who tried to stabilize conditions by means of a handful of reforms in the socio-political, economic, and primarily in the religious area. He tried to renew the authority of the Emperor based on the Roman traditions and paganism. In 249 or 250 he issued an edict on the sacrifice in order to force all inhabitants of the Empire to revere the cult of the Emperor and traditional Roman deities, seeking thus a reintroduction of the prosperity of the Roman Empire. Ancient sources mention several motives leading the Emperor into prosecution processes such as hatred for his predecessor, public opinion and disrespect for the Imperial order on sacrifice. Christians refused to make a pagan sacrifice, so they were seen as state enemies. The issue of the edict was subsequently followed by the persecution of Christians throughout the Roman Empire, and which, for the first time in the Christian history, was of a general Imperial character.
EN
In virtually all regions of sub-Saharan Africa outside the reach of Islam, Africans were introduced to written literature through Christian propaganda. Christian missionaries’ pioneer work in African languages was scientifically very important. Most African languages had at first to be learned and reduced to writing before the difficult but vital task of religious instruction and the preparation, translation and publication of religious texts could be undertaken. Missionaries supplied unwritten African languages with a written form and provided the beginnings of a translated literature. The very first books in most African languages were produced to advance the Christian cause. The linguistic work of early missionaries in Africa is thus crucial for the correct evaluation of the nineteenth and early twentieth century Christian missionary enterprise.
Asian and African Studies
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2011
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vol. 20
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issue 2
193 – 213
EN
After 1970 the PLO, driven out of Jordan, made Lebanon its operational base. It did not want to enter the civil war, but it sided with any group that espoused Arab nationalism and wanted to liberate Palestine. It was a Maronite militia’s attacks on the Palestinians that sparked the fighting in April 1975, committing the PLO to the Arab nationalist side. The Lebanese conflict was also a struggle between a privileged class of landowners and merchants trying to preserve the status quo and a large mass of poor people (mainly Muslim) striving for more equality. The two main Lebanese parties of the conflict were the Phalanges, a largely Maronite force, and the Lebanese National Movement which was mainly Muslim. The Muslim side won the support of the PLO. One puzzling aspect of this civil war was Syria’s 1976 policy shift. At first President Eafi al-Asad backed the rebels both morally and materially. He managed to get the Christians to accept a cease-fire, but the Muslim Lebanese, abetted by the PLO, rejected his proposed compromise. This rejection made Eafi al-Asad change sides and his forces battered the Muslims and the PLO into submission by the autumn of 1976.
Konštantínove listy
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 1
3 - 15
EN
Based on the work analysis by Victor of Vita Historia persecutionis Africanae provinciae sub Geiserico et Hunirico regibus Vandalorum, the contribution is dedicated to the portrayal and representation of the bishop in Africa on the territory of Vandal kingdom. It is a specific topic which is up to certain extent closely related to the persecution or rather to the oppression of the Catholic Church from the side of ruling Vandals who often tried to violently convert the majority of Roman population belonging to the Catholic Church to the Arian faith. Through the portrayal and representation of the bishop, the contribution follows more levels such as addressing the bishops, bishop’s level of knowledge, their preparedness to undergo suffering and even death because of their faith, charity activities, humility and modesty, the preparedness to serve to needy, oppressed and poor people. In the second part, the contribution dedicates to the comparison of the position and bishop’s activity in Africa and in the rest of the Roman Empire. Under Vandal rules, bishops in Africa had, of course, the limited possibilities to carry out their function and to secure its important components. Their preparedness to tackle serious theological issues which separated Vandal Arians and the Catholic Church underwent a great proof.
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