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1

NEW AND OLD MIDDLE CLASS POLISH GRADUATES' 'BRAINTRAINING' IN ENGLAND

100%

Szewczyk A.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2012

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vol. 38

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issue 3(145)

151-166

EN

Drawing on 40 interviews with Polish graduates of domestic universities who migrated to England after 2004, this paper suggests that the cultural capital accumulated through higher education at prestigious universities in Poland led to the emergence of new middle class graduates. This had an effect in "brain training" after migration, observed as enrollment into institutions of higher education in England. The research also implies that the newly educated middle class resembles British "professionals" and focuses on those who use "brain training" as a strategy in preparation for return and commencement of a new life in Poland. Finally, the paper raises the issue of brain circulation of the Polish new middle class graduates in the context of tuition fee increases at English universities, what may potentially lead to making "brain training" investments elsewhere in Europe.

2

WIĘZI I RELACJE RODZINNE W RODZINACH MIGRANTÓW WAHADŁOWYCH

86%

Pawlak A.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2016

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vol. 42

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issue 3 (161)

391–411

PL

Artykuł koncentruje się wokół zagadnień związanych z transnarodowym rodzicielstwem. Poruszana problematyka mieści się w polu zainteresowań kilku dyscyplin badawczych – socjologii rodziny, psychologii rodziny, polityki społecznej, psychologii międzykulturowej i socjologii migracji. Przedmiotem analiz są strategie rodzicielskie podejmowane przez rodziców wobec dzieci w związku z czasową rozłąką spowodowaną migracją zarobkową jednego z nich. Analizowane są zarówno strategie rodzicielskie podejmowane przez emigrujących rodziców, jak i przez ich pozostających w kraju partnerów. Jednym z czynników różnicujących omawiane strategie jest płeć. Emigrujący ojcowie i emigrujące matki decydują się na inne strategie rodzicielskie na czas emigracji i po powrocie do kraju. Ponadto analizowane są sposoby komunikacji między rodzicem emigrującym a pozostającymi w kraju dziećmi. Empiryczną warstwę artykułu stanowią badania własne autorki wśród migrantów wahadłowych i ich rodzin prowadzone w latach 2010–2014.

EN

The article focuses on issues related to transnational parenthood. The topics under discussion are within the scope of interest of a few research fields such as: family sociology, psychology, social policy, intercultural psychology, and the sociology of migration. The article analyses the most crucial parental strategies towards their children related to their temporary separation due to economic migration of one of the parent. Not only parental strategies of those being abroad are taken into consideration, but also the roles of the partners staying in the country of origin. Gender is the one of the factors which differentiates the discussed strategies. Migrating mothers and fathers choose different parental strategies for the time spent abroad and after their return to the homeland. What is more, the ways of communication between an emigrating parent and children left behind are also the subject of the conducted studies. Research among circular migrants and their families conducted by the author between 2010 and 2014 is provides the empirical basis for the article.

3

POLISH CIRCULAR MIGRATION AND MARGINALITY: A LIVELIHOOD STRATEGY APPROACH

86%

White A.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2016

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vol. 42

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issue 1 (159)

153-166

EN

The paper is based on 49 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2012–3 with return migrants and/or long-term unemployed people in Grajewo and Limanowa. I explore the causes of circular migration from Poland to West European countries today (preferring the term ‘repeated migration,’ since interviewees often migrated at irregular intervals). Migration theory suggests that as migration networks proliferate, migration becomes less selective and some poorer people begin to migrate. Applying a livelihood strategy approach to understand how residents of small towns – especially parents – make choices about where to work, I found that even the poorest interviewees had contacts abroad and did consider international migration as an option. However, these contacts did not always facilitate their migration and, if interviewees went abroad, they lacked confidence to expand their networks in the receiving country and stay long enough to significantly improve their household income. Obtaining contacts abroad, in the context of an overall expansion of transnational networks between Poland and the UK, does not always make migration easy, and only partly explains why poor people migrate. Push factors remain very significant.

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3 Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

1 Pawlak A.

1 Szewczyk A.

1 White A.

2 2016

1 2012

NEW AND OLD MIDDLE CLASS POLISH GRADUATES' 'BRAINTRAINING' IN ENGLAND

WIĘZI I RELACJE RODZINNE W RODZINACH MIGRANTÓW WAHADŁOWYCH

POLISH CIRCULAR MIGRATION AND MARGINALITY: A LIVELIHOOD STRATEGY APPROACH