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DESKRIPTÍVNY SYSTÉM A VYPOVEDACIA SCHOPNOSŤ MAZANICE Z MLADŠEJ A NESKOREJ DOBY KAMENNEJ

100%

Duriš J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2012

vol. 60

issue 2

195 – 250

Archaeological exploration often produces clay daub, a material which has not been fully appreciated so far. There is mainly a lack of its being documented in the context of discovery situations. It becomes mainly a source for archaeobotanical analyses and its evidential value is not used. In connection with discovery circumstances it may help reconstruct the shape of a settlement feature, and in interaction with the other scientific disciplines it may provide information on the course of destruction or on the intensity of heat, or be a basis for the creation of more objective views about static limits of a construction. The given facts, lack of the studies of daub, inevitability to emphasise its meaning for architectonic reconstruction, as well as non-existence of a more integral form of descriptive system, and a lacking database, led the author of the paper to the creation of a unified system of description and comparative database of daub. What is important from methodological aspect is the selection of samples of daub and the creation of a group for a detailed analysis through descriptive system. The first group is selected directly in material depository, with quantitative and basic information and documentation discovery data. The second group is selected in laboratories and makes up a starting group for the final selection. The third group is intended for the detailed analysis in laboratories; it is defined by criteria for the creation of documentation catalogue. Descriptive system reflects specific features of architecture from Neolitic Era and Late Stone Age. The description contains concrete analytical criteria that form and subsequently create a needed comparative database, which becomes a basis for the creation of typology of architectonic construction elements, or a basis for the creation of spatial typological groups of daub. The description itself is always in the process of completions and innovative changes conditioned by the influence of new discovery information. Solutions of several of these problems are objectivised by interdisciplinary exploration and confrontation with the results of experimental archaeology.

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE AENEOLITHIC HOUSE FROM CHYNORANY (Rekonstrukcia eneolitickeho domu z Chynorian)

84%

Duris J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2011

vol. 59

issue 1

87-147

Remarkable variability, frequently also in the regions of the same culture (or cultural complex), manifested in the building construction and technology, is one of the evidences of relatively intensive mutual cultural influences. Similar situation can be defined for the Lengyel culture spread also within the northern part of the Carpathian Basin. Apart from general cultural spectrum of the Neolithic and Aeneolithic Period at the mentioned territory, this study is focused particularly on the Lengyel culture in which the innovations in house architecture and related new technological solutions and building techniques occurred. These reflected also the influences from immediate neighbourhood of the Carpathian Basin. In the building technology the main innovation is the construction of a ceiling (attic space) to which a series of technological changes is related adapted probably from the Vinca culture. The most similar to the burnt house no. 2 from Chynorany is a burnt house no. 10/80 from Budmerice, epilengyel-Lengyel IV, and burnt compact clay daub block from the same site (structure 2, area I), all in in situ position. On the basis of analyses of finding context and of its confrontation with measurements of clay daub fragments' burning intensity can feature 1 (burnt destruction of ceiling and perimeter walls of the house 2) be interpreted as one-storey house with ceiling with wooden construction and clay daub-plastered upper surface formed from split construction elements (here split planks). No post-holes were detected. Approximate shape or size of foundations can be reconstructed only on the basis of upper burnt clay daub destruction. At Chynorany, min. 5, max. 12 burnt houses were attested by geophysical prospecting of the area 60 x 60 m. Average size of the houses at Chynorany was 16.5 x 6.5 m. Detected burnt houses lied in relatively short mutual distances, seemingly forming irregular parallel streets with 3-5 m spacing between the houses.

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2 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

1 Duris J.

1 Duriš J.

1 2012

1 2011

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DESKRIPTÍVNY SYSTÉM A VYPOVEDACIA SCHOPNOSŤ MAZANICE Z MLADŠEJ A NESKOREJ DOBY KAMENNEJ

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE AENEOLITHIC HOUSE FROM CHYNORANY (Rekonstrukcia eneolitickeho domu z Chynorian)