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"Horká krev ve výrobě" - kubánští gastarbeiteři v Československu jako příklad pracovní migrace uvnitř socialistického bloku

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Bortlová Vondráková H.
Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.
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2019
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vol. 11
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issue 2
35-60
EN
The socialist Czechoslovakia, showing latent labor shortages, was trying to engage foreign workers in its national economy in a manner not unsimilar to that of Western Europe of the 1960s (and on). Most of these workers came from the countries of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), which under the leadership of the Soviet Union brought together socialist states, among which, from 1972 also belonged Cuba. This opened an opportunity for Czechoslovakia to involve citizens of the Caribbean island in its labor-migration program. Since the end of the 1970s, several thousand Cubans were coming to Czechoslovakia for work every year. In the mid-1980s, the number of Cuban workers residing in Czechoslovakia was around 5,000, reaching 10,000 at the end of the 1980s. It is estimated that about 23,000 Cuban workers were trained in Czechoslovakia throughout the project altogether. The article offers an introduction to this issue, hitherto unstudied.
2
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Troubles of Socialist Economic Integration: Czechoslovakia and Joint Projects within the CMEA in 1970s and 1980s

100%
Lomíček J.
Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers
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2014
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vol. 19
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issue 1
61-74
EN
The paper summarizes the topic of Czechoslovak participation on international projects within the CMEA. International projects within the CMEA should be considered as specific areas where widely declared socialist economic integration was to certain extent successful, not only in the context of the times. These projects symbolized one of few fields in which particular economic integration of the CMEA countries was based on really multilateral level (not only in the way of bilateral cooperation). Cooperation in case of these projects was realised on multilateral base (considering not only investments, but also the exchange of labor forces from participating countries). From the point of view of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the most important projects in the given period is the participation on the construction of gas pipelines Soyuz (Orenburg), Progress (Jamburg) and integrated mining and metallurgy plant in Dolinskaya near Krivoy Rog. The CMEA was proud of these projects as they represented notable outcomes of its functioning. Such positive image was also widely publicized in media and the participants on the projects gained great experience. Besides publicity function, some projects were important because of their economic function, also after the disintegration of the CMEA. On the other hand, some were not successful. Czech participation on the construction of mining complex in Dolinskaya symbolizes the end to an attempt at socialist economic integration.
3

ROMANIA’S ATTITUDE CONCERNING CMEA SPECIALIZATION (1960-1962). NEW ASSESSMENTS

100%
Stanciu C.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2015
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vol. 63
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issue 4
629 - 647
EN
Is it worth exporting corn and fodder in exchange for toys and cosmetics? It was a question Gheorghiu-Dej of Romania asked himself, when confronted with increasing East German demands for agricultural exports. He was keen on overcoming underdevelopment through a vast program of industrialization in order to overcome the status of a predominantly agricultural country but he perceived his CMEA partners to be opposing this prospect. In the context of increasing economic difficulties in the Soviet bloc in the early 1960s, an idea was circulated that specialization would help increase efficiency so that Socialist countries could successfully compete on Western markets. But the meaning of specialization appeared different for each country: Gheorghiu-Dej thought that Romania deserved an equal status with other more developed nations of the Soviet bloc, but it soon became clear to him that they had different views. His perception was that the East Germans and Czechoslovaks wanted Romania to remain a provider of agricultural products and hold off its industrialization plans, but he could not accept that. This study argues that intra-CMEA competition between developed and less developed member countries played a major role in compromising the reforms planed by Moscow in the early 1960s.
4
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Československo-sovětská hospodářská spolupráce v období Gottwaldovy éry

67%
Fišer O.
Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy
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2022
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vol. 25
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issue 2
38-51
EN
Czechoslovak-Soviet economic cooperation in the years 1948-1953 is hitherto a rather marginalized facet of contemporary historiography. The limited secondary literature on this topic, especially from Czechoslovak economists and historians, published both during the communist regime and after the Velvet Revolution, is characterized by a rather strong pro/anti-communist bias limiting its objective insight into the various technical aspects of intra-bloc cooperation. The major aim of this study is therefore to use the newly accessible fonds of the Czech National Archives at Chodov and the Archives of the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Czernin Palace to construct a more holistic portrayal of Czechoslovak cooperation with the Soviet Union, its largest trading partner. The hypothesis is that although under the influence of the authoritarian regimes of Stalin and Gottwald, trade relations between the two countries were rather politicized at the turn of the 1940s and 1950s, they were nevertheless to some extent guided by the practical needs of the national economies. It was the clash between political and economic reasoning and the quest of the communist leadership of both states to achieve their mutual equilibrium that was characteristic of the Gottwald era. The present work also seeks to highlight the crucial role of the Third Republic (1945-1948) in the economic integration of Czechoslovakia into the Eastern Bloc. Specific space is then devoted to the negotiation processes of individual trade agreements, their content and their impact on the development of the Czechoslovak economy.
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