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1

ELIMINATION OF TASK-SWITCHING COSTS

100%
Chuderski A.
Psychological Studies
|
2007
|
vol. 45
|
issue 4
1-15
EN
The study aimed at elimination of task switching cost with perceptual priming. Predictable task switching paradigm with task cueing and additional priming (i.e., neutral stimulus not requiring any response presented before the task) was used. Long cue-stimulus intervals were used. Task switching cost were calculated. In the first experiment switching cost were highly reduced (13 ms) in priming condition as compared to control condition (133 ms), and in the second experiment they where eliminated to the level not statistically significant (9 ms vs 109 ms, respectively). Although most of task switching studies showed that task switching cost are inevitable even if long preparation time is allowed, the study proved that these so-called residual costs can be eliminated if effective preparation is motivated by additional perceptual stimulation.
2

NEITHER A RESPONSE NOR STIMULUS SET-SIZE EFFECT FOUND IN THE MANUAL STROOP TASK

100%
Chuderski A., Smoleń T., Taraday M.
Studia Psychologica
|
2014
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vol. 56
|
issue 1
21 – 35
EN
Existing computational models of the Stroop task differ in predictions concerning the set-size effect, which is the relation between a number of stimuli/responses and the magnitude of the Stroop interference. However, relevant empirical data is not unequivocal, as some studies reported no set-size effects, while others found substantial set-size effects. We administered two experiments in order to resolve this discrepancy in the case of the manual Stroop task. Experiment 1 compared conditions including four, six, and eight stimulus/response mappings in the picture-word task. No reliable set-size effects were found, apart from a weak effect observed when a working memory load imposed by the task was deliberately decreased. Experiment 2 tested conditions consisting of four versus eight mappings in the colour-word task, and it replicated results of Experiment 1. As both experiments had sufficient power to detect set-size effects if they existed, our data are inconsistent with models predicting such effects.
3

ASSESSMENT OF EMOTIONAL PROCESSING BIASES IN COGNITIVE CONTROL PERFORMANCE

75%
Novak T., Sprah L.
Studia Psychologica
|
2011
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vol. 53
|
issue 2
137-150
EN
Due to the paucity of behavioural studies on emotionally modulated cognitive control processes in healthy individuals and in remitted bipolar patients, it is difficult to determine the extent to which emotional stimuli can modulate cognitive control processes in both populations. The authors examined emotional processing biases in cognitive control processes in large groups of healthy volunteers and bipolar outpatients. Participants were matched for gender and age, and completed a computerized Emotional Go/NoGo task. Results revealed greater impact of emotionally loaded stimuli compared to neutral stimuli on response inhibition. Among emotional stimuli, negative stimuli exerted the most pronounced differential effect on target recognition and response inhibition in both groups. Healthy volunteers demonstrated better cognitive control performance and altered pattern of emotional processing biases than bipolar patients. Results are discussed with regard to the preferential processing of emotional over non-emotional stimuli and existing between-group differences in emotional processing biases, attributable to bipolar disorder characteristics.
4

EYSENCKIAN PEN STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY AND COGNITIVE CONTROL IN TASK-SWITCHING PARADIGM

75%
Ross M., Smigasiewicz K., Czernecka K.
Psychological Studies
|
2008
|
vol. 46
|
issue 1
5-12
EN
The present study was aimed at exploring the relationship between individual differences and performance level in high cognitive load condition, demanding strengthened cognitive control. The research problem was focused on the influence of eysenckian personality traits on attention switching efficacy, studied in task-switching paradigm. Modified Stroop task was used, requiring constant shifts between color-naming and word-reading tasks. It was assumed that the size of the switch costs would be greater when the task was performed by participants with high scores on introversion, neuroticism and psychoticism, separately. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis concerning psychoticism dimension only. Other traits were found to have an interactive effect on the performance level, which was hindered when the intensity of all three personality traits was high. The gathered data suggests that task-switching paradigm may be a useful tool when studying the influence of individual differences in psychoticism on cognition.
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