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STARTING POINT - 'COGNITIVE GRAMMAR' BY JOHN R. TAYLOR READ AND REVIEWED BY POLISH LINGUIST

100%
Winiarska J., Zalazinska A.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2008
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issue 1(5)
27-40
EN
The authoresses present 'Cognitive Grammar' by J. R. Taylor, recently translated into Polish. They discuss its content and highly assess the original and the translation. They indicate that the book was needful but it does not fully satisfy Polish readers because it concerns mainly English language. As such 'Cognitive Grammar' is a good starting point for writing a cognitive grammar of Polish.
2

A COGNITIVE GRAMMAR ANALYSIS OF SELECTED POLISH REFLEXIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

51%
Berlinska M.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2008
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vol. 29
119-139
EN
The authoress main aim in this paper is a semantic analysis of Polish reflexive constructions conducted within the framework of Langacker's (1987, 1991) cognitive grammar with a view to showing that the great diversity of such constructions is only apparent as, at a more abstract level of conceptualization, they all function as contextual realizations of certain basic schematic notions. The analysis focuses on four of Wilczewska's (1966) twelve classes of Polish reflexive verbs: directly reflexive verbs, passive-resultative-spontaneous verbs, passive verbs, and reciprocal verbs. In the analysis she shows that whenever Polish speakers make use of a reflexive construction, they convey one of the following three types of information: an entity acts on itself, two (or more) entities act analogously on each other (one another), and an event seemingly happens on its own. Furthermore, she claims that it is the relational reflexive marker 'sie', which, by dint of its several profiling options, brings different elements of a transitive-construction action chain into focus and makes the above-enumerated information types possible to be communicated. Consequently, the authoress postulates three broad senses of Polish reflexive constructions: those expressing (1) reflexive relationships, (2) reciprocal relationships, and (3) seemingly spontaneous events-each constituting a separate, though closely related, grammatical category. In turn, these three senses/grammatical categories are said to form a crucial part of the schematic network model of Polish reflexive constructions.
3

Revolution, Demarcation, and Psychology

51%
Wróbel S.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2004
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vol. 13
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issue 3(51)
177-194
EN
Is psychology like another empirical discipline, say physics or biology, or is it fundamentally different? The principal aim of the article is to demonstrate that the last two revolutions in psychology were made for the sake of science. Chomsky, Fodor, Pylyshyn battled against the behaviorist point of view. Lakoff, Johnson, Langacker fought against syntactocentrism of Chomsky's generative grammar. From Chomsky's point of view Skinner's behaviorist theory is not science, but from the perspective of Langacker's cognitive grammar Chomsky's theory of competence is not science either. That is the reason why the questions: what is science?, who is a scientist?, and how is the world 'science' to be used?- are so important. Such reconstruction of the scientific practice is to some extence consonant with Kuhn's analysis of the history of science.
4
Content available remote

FROM GESTURE TO ADVERBIAL - SWEDISH 'DET' AS AN EXAMPLE OF LINGUISTIC POLYSEMY

51%
Data-Bukowska E.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2008
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vol. 64
125-162
EN
Every grammar of the Swedish language provides more or less precise information concerning various ways of using the unit 'det'. The Swedish 'det' can be used both pronominally and adnominally. It may occur, among other things, as a neuter demonstrative pronoun, a third-person neuter pronoun, an anaphoric pronoun in the case of the so-called impure text deixis, and, as linguists often put it - as a meaningless, but nevertheless necessary element fulfilling the function of the subject or object in a number of different constructions. However, in traditional grammar one does not pay attention to the links and mutual relations between the individual uses of this language unit. Thus, within such a framework, the Swedish 'det' can be treated as an extreme example of homonymy in language. Is that possible in language? The main goal of this article is to show the semantic value of the unit 'det' in contemporary Swedish, adopting the perspective of Cognitive Grammar. The authoress tries to prove that all uses of this unit are linked to each other semantically. Thus, the meaning ascribed to 'det' constitutes a complex network of senses rooted in the prototype, which is a cognitive reference point within the category. The article can be interpreted in a wider context of the research concerning the using of units which are functionally 'related' to the Swedish 'det' in various languages, e.g. the English 'it', the German 'es', the Polish 'to' etc.
5

THE CONCEPTUAL IMAGES OF ANGER IN SPANISH AND POLISH IDIOMS (Las imagenes conceptuales dela ira en los fraseologismos Espanoles y Polacos)

51%
Gajos A.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2007
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vol. 28
115-132
EN
In the paper the authoress intends to present the analysis of the conceptualisation of the feeling of anger that is done on the basis of selected Polish and Spanish idioms. The aim of her contrastive investigations, carried out in the spirit of Cognitive Grammar, is to demonstrate the analogy between the conceptual images of anger in Polish and Spanish. The analysis of conventional linguistic units, having both metaphorical and metonymic basis, is done within the dimensions of TIME, SPACE, the sense of TOUCH (in the aspect of temperature, pressure and colour) and SIGHT. The comparison of conceptual metaphors, that constitute the basis of both Polish and Spanish phraseology, allows one to discern the similarities in the conceptualisation of the feeling of anger in the two languages. Anger is usually conceptualised as SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, CONTAINER, FIRE, RED COLOUR, ARMED OPONENT or RUSHING CAR. Anger generally manifests itself as a negative and harmful feeling and its connection with how it is experienced and expressed by means of conventional behaviours referring to common cultural, psychological and physiological patterns testifies to the fact that there is an analogy in the way it is conceptualised in both Polish and Spanish phraseology.
6

Quedar: Entre cambio y permanencia

38%
Gomez V. L.
Estudios Hispánicos
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2011
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vol. 19
51-60
EN
There is a number of verb-noun combinations which maintain a semantic correspondence with simple verbs (e. g. dar un abrazo — abrazar ‘to give a hug — to hug’). Traditionally, they have been accounted for as consisting of a grammaticalized functional verb which originates from a homonymic main verb, but this kind of account is unsatisfactory. On the one hand, there is no evidence supporting the alleged grammaticalization. On the other, this implies duplicating units and categories. A metaphor-based account, on the contrary, provides a more adequate explanation. First, an ontological metaphor achieves the reification of abstract entities, which then allow for the same kinds of operations as physical objects. This provides a basis for an additional metaphor consisting in some of kind of manipulation. These second-level metaphors do not appear in isolation. Rather, they tend to deploy as consistent networks which develop the original idea. There is no syntactic or lexical innovation. Preexistent units and structures are simply reused through metaphorical extensions which increase polysemy.
7

ALLGEMEINE UND SPEZIFISCHE ASPEKTE DER KONSTRUKTIONSBEGRIFFES IN DER LINGUISTIK

38%
Rašová D.
Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie
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2012
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vol. 1
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issue 1
36 – 44
EN
Structural grammar is an interesting grammar view of the language. In a sense, there is an approach to syntax that does not distinguish syntactic rules and the grammar lexicon. Theoretically and methodically, it has been developed since the 1980s, especially in Western European and the United States. Supporters of this concept understand grammar as a complex of constructions. It means solid syntactic units, which act as means of construction in the production of specific language statements. Constructions are organized in complex language hierarchy structures, including lexical units and morphological rules, whose schematic syntactical constructs with more or less complex internal structure are produced. Structural grammar reveals combining techniques in constructions, deconstructs texts, and provides real assumptions about the use and construction of structures. Each construction is a bilateral unit that combines the form, meaning, or function of a unit in a conventionally understood whole. From the functional as well as from the pragmatic-communicative point, the basic principles of constructive grammar are relevant to the discovery of the conventional language abilities of the native speaker based on general cognitive processes and communication goals.
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