Search results - CEJSH

1

ON THE MECHANISMS OF HUMAN INTERACTION

100%

Pazukhin R.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2007

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vol. 49

109-133

EN

Traditionally, we associate the language concept with that of communication. In practice, however, this conceptual link is treated by linguists too loosely and arbitrarily. In the current study, we try to render the relationship of language to communication more transparent and accurate. We start by confronting the properties of speaking with those of other modes of human interaction. Such an approach helps us to gain a more adequate insight into the nature of language, its origins and its role in our life.

2

LINGUISTIC DEVICES OF MANIPULATION IN WRITTEN ADVERTISEMENTS

100%

Barthazi E.

Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)

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2008

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vol. 104

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issue 4

443-463

EN

The purpose of this study is to define manipulation and separate it theoretically from persuasion as much as possible, as well as to present linguistic realizations of manipulative psychological strategies applied in written advertisements. The corpus consists of half and one page size written advertisements collected from various magazines. To define and separate manipulation vs. persuasion the authoress applies the Gricean cooperative model (GRICE 1997), the face-work model elaborated by GOFFMAN (1995), and SPERBER & WILSON's (1986) ostensive-inferential communication model. The Gricean model reveals that, while persuasion is a kind of cooperative linguistic behaviour, manipulation involves violation of the cooperative principle. In the face-work model persuasion can be classified as a facethreatening act, and although manipulation seems at first sight to be face-protecting, in fact it is facethreatening as well. Persuasion and manipulation can be best separated with the help of the ostensiveinferential communication model. This model claims that while persuasion is communication, manipulation is not communication. She analyses the linguistic realizations of four different ps ychologicalstrategies: the minimum-group paradigm, threatening, personal experience and uniqueness. With the help of the analysis she presents the linguistic devices that can make those psychological strategies work.

3

PREMISES AND THE DIRECTION OF CHANGES IN COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A COMPANY AND ITS CLIENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EVOLUTION OF ATTITUDES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TOOLS (Polish title below)

100%

Kuczera K.

Management and Business Administration. Central Europe

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2012

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vol. 20

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issue 2(115)

88-106

EN

(Polish title: Przeslanki i kierunek zmian komunikacji pomiedzy firma i klientami w kontekscie ewolucji postaw oraz rozwoju cyfrowych narzedzi komunikacyjnych). 1. Purpose The aim of the article is to show potential changes in the communication between a company and its clients in the context of information needs, the social attitudes of people and the development of digital communication tools. 2. Methodology This paper consists of theoretical considerations concerning communication needs, social attitudes and digital communication tools, as well as some chosen study results. The conclusions from the discussion conducted during the conference 'Time for growth 2011', whose participants were both representatives of the scientific world and business practitioners, were presented together with the results of the surveys by questionnaire conducted during the conference. 3. Findings The premises for cooperation between clients and companies based on the desire to raise the quality of life of local communities were also depicted in the study. What influences this cooperation is, on the one hand, the development of digital communication tools and, on the other hand, people's attitudes proving the willingness to be involved in the exchange of knowledge and experience for the widely understood improvement of life conditions. Many fears and barriers are also perceived, especially concerning the intentions and honesty of companies. 4. Research limitations/implications Both the surveys by questionnaire and the discussion were conducted among the participants of the conference, which was a limitation to this research. 5. Originality The article indicates a possible direction of communication development and cooperation between companies and clients. The preferred media are communication solutions available on the Internet allowing for direct contacts, and simultaneously used by individuals of higher activity. The main motivating factor for clients is the conviction that they are able to contribute to the improvement of the quality, functionality and availability of products and services. Material bonuses may be interpreted negatively. The clients' opinion on the sincerity of the intentions of the company is of great significance for any potential exchange of information and experience. However, it is generally assumed that companies initially fulfill their goals without perceiving their clients' interest.

4

VERBAL VERSUS VISUAL: FROM CO-OCCURRENCE TO HYBRIDIZATION

100%

Garncarek M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2004

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vol. 48

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issue 4

65-83

EN

The authoress analyzes various forms of interaction between verbal and visual messages. It is very common nowadays to assume that we live in the 'civilization of image' that minimizes the role of traditional verbal messages. Though, various cases of verbal-visual structures let us presume that instead of monopoly of one kind of message, we rather have to deal with intermediacy. It is argued that the new model of interaction between verbal and visual forms has been introduced: both kinds of elements not only coexist in the same message, but penetrate each other in order to create a new hybrid construction as, for instance in: the press photography with captions, the dynamic typography and the hypertext. The article pays special attention to the theoretical background - the postmodern turn in semiotics: Lyotard's figure is opposed to Barthes' modern theories.

5

IMPLICITNÁ A EXPLICITNÁ AUTOREFERENCIA V DIALÓGU

80%

Kesselová J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2018

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vol. 83

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issue 1

7 – 22

EN

The study explores when and why speakers in the dialogic communication refer to themselves through a combination of the verbal person with the personal pronoun “I”(i.e., an explicit self-reference), even though a verb endings alone indicate the person in the Slovak language. Traditionally, expressiveness, emotionality, emphasis and functional sentence perspective are considered to be the cause for explicit self-referencing. In this paper, we focus on two questions: (a) What are the verbs’ semantic classes that are used preferentially in the dialogue in the 1st person singular form? (b) Which verbs are used with the explicit self-reference most frequently? The research shows, that cognitive verbs (and those representing the inner world of the speaker) are among the verbs with the highest degree of explicit self-referencing. The paper concludes with the case study of explicit self-reference using cognitive verb “I do not know” as an example compared to implicit self-reference. We used the text-corpus method. The findings of the study are interpreted within the salience theory.

6

MOTIVÁCIA V JAZYKU REKLAMY

80%

Lalík I.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2013

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vol. 2

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issue 1

75 – 82

EN

The goal of the presented paper is to present general overview of lexical motivation in the language of advertising. It provides short description of the advertising in general and description of its language. The advertising basically contains verbal or visual representation of the advertised product, or the combination of verbal and visual signs that should be in balance and should cooperate to successfully accomplish the aims of advertising – to engage attention of percipients, to arouse their interest in the advertised product, to be memorable and, finally, to sell the product. Besides the visual representation of the advertised product the language of advertisement is very important. The lexical representation of advertising can be motivated in several ways. The paper deals with the selected specific lexical motivations in advertising – semantic/figurative, phraseological, inter-lingual, expressive, sociolectical, territorial and individual motivations. The paper provides general description of the respective motivation and its application to the language of advertisement with a set of specific examples.

7

VYUŽITÍ KONSTRUKTIVISTICKÝCH TEORIÍ UČENÍ V EDUKAČNÍM PROGRAMU MUZEA: EMPIRICKÁ PŘÍPADOVÁ STUDIE

80%

Kolaříková V.

Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo

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2019

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vol. 7

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issue 2

153 – 168

EN

Constructivist learning theories bring benefits to the practice of museum education. They perceive learners as active agents of the learning process, building new knowledge and experience on earlier ones. In addition to knowledge, they also focus on developing a range of skills and competencies, such as the development of critical thinking, communication skills, or social skills. Therefore, they form an appropriate pedagogical background for the educational activities of the museum. The question for museum educators remains, however, how to use them in practice. In the study, possibilities of using them will be presented by introducing the research results to the reader. The realized video study was aimed to find out whether the analysed educational program of the Silesian Museum in Opava applied elements of constructivist learning theories and, if so, by what means they did so.

8

PLACEBO AND SUGGESTION - FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE PATIENTS

80%

Varga K.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2006

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vol. 61

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issue 4

597-616

EN

The paper summarizes the common aspects and the differences of the placebo/nocebo and suggestion. To understand better the placebo effect, it would be important to take into consideration that the suggestibility of patients is hightened compared to the rational, waking, healthy person. This way patients interpret the communicative messages differently. So in the everyday practice - to increase the benefit of placebo effect and decrease the nocebo effect - a much greater role of carefully applied suggestive communication is recommended.

9

Individuální prvky administrativního tlaku na konverze měšťanů českých měst ve dvacátých letech 17. století

80%

Hrdlička J., Kadeřábek J.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2012

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vol. 27

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issue 1

71-98

EN

The essay concentrates on re-Catholicization of Bohemian towns in the 1620s. The authors describe the administrative component of a pressure applied to change the confession of predominantly non-Catholic population, particularly administrative processes that acquired significant individual elements over the researched period. The pressure involved registers on the town citizens’ confession, which were used as a source/base for an ensuing re-Catholicization process. The sekond individual element regarded personal negotiations with the still non-Catholic burghers and other citizens, which were managed by various power authorities active in royal or manorial towns.

10

DECISION-MAKING STRUCTURES (Struktury rozhodovani)

80%

Tondl L.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2009

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vol. 16

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issue 3

381-399

EN

The study expresses some personal experiences based on long collaboration and contacts with specialists in engineering or design spheres during more than two decades. These specialists had mostly bad experiences with some opinions or standpoints carried out by the decisions called as political or in the public interests or, as it was usually denoted, in the people's interests. It was A.M. Weinberg (former US presidents' scientific adviser and director of great laboratories) who emphasized that the public frequently cannot know what the best is. The public meaning could be manipulated by means of simple slogans, emotional elements or simplified conceptions concerning the sphere and level of risks.

11

Значение профессиональных компетенций в деятельности будущих дирижеров-хормейстеров

80%

Кочетова О.

General and Professional Education

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2011

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issue 2

19-23

EN

The need to create professional and adaptive mobility of future conductors and choirmasters is shown in the paper. The multicultural nature of the conductor’s activity is presented. General professional competences are described, methods and techniques of their development are discussed. Some notes on methods of teaching conductors are shown. Peculiarities of the conductor’s work are touched upon.

12

POPULISM AND SOCIAL MEDIA: AN INTRODUCTION INTO META-THEORY

80%

Školkay A.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

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2021

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vol. 14

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issue 2-3

5 - 21

EN

In the introduction, we discuss theories and theoretical perspectives on social media. On the one hand, we show some problematic aspects of emerging theories and theoretical perspectives and on the other hand, we show the relative usefulness of some older communication and sociological theories. Then we briefly discuss populism from communication and sociological perspectives. In the next part, we provide an overview of theories and theoretical and empirical perspectives on the role played by social media, and in particular FB, in communication of populist political parties and leaders. We discuss structural opportunity factors for populist communication and summarise findings that confirm that different types of social media have different impacts in political communication by populists as well as among different audiences. Also there is consensus that social media do not cause populism but rather create an opportunity for easier, cheap and fast dissemination of populist messages. Furthermore, we identify theories and findings related and relevant to networks in general, and political networks on social media in particular. Finally, we present an emerging theory on populism and social media.

13

KOMUNIKÁCIA: MYSLENIE VO VEĽKOM

80%

Marcelli M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2009

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vol. 64

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issue 5

410-419

EN

The paper focuses the role of quantity in the studies of communication. The first step in the examination of the quantity of participants involved in the process of communication was the transition from the telegraphic model to the orchestra model. This step was done by the representatives of the New communication as well as in the course of the development of the semiotic studies. The second step leads us to the city model that can be found in Levi-Strausss' early works. The city model enables us to take into account not only the unconscious and unintentional activities of the participants, but also the effects of multiplicity. One of the most important achievements of this approach is the idea of a collective intelligence.

14

HM - HONORIFIC MODIFICATION IN A LAYERED MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

80%

Jablonski A.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2007

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vol. 49

51-67

EN

HM differs from other concepts of the so-called honorific systems, such as politeness, terms of speech and honorifics, in that it is communication-oriented and layered. Its function is not to 'make messages polite', which is explained in contrast to the MMMP (machine for making messages polite) model. The validity of the approach based on the HM concept is described in terms of the layered model of communication with the use of examples from contemporary Japanese. The description covers not only the protocol sub-layer of the layered model of communication with such aspects of traditional approach to honorifics as the notion of politeness ('overpoliteness') and an asymmetry of potential, but also the procedure sub-layer modification (direct and indirect expressions and fixed procedures). The HM approach is meant to overcome the grammatical (superficial) demonstration of honorifics in order to achieve a description of a communication process directed both at exchanging information and managing communicational environment parameters. HM requires constant (i.e. affecting all messages) activity of the speaker and addressee, which may be described in terms of fulfilling specific requirements (assuring correct parameters) on subsequent layers of the layered model of communication in order to deliver a message to the addressee in a proper and expected manner.

15

FRAZEOLÓGIA V DIDAKTIKE VYUČOVANIA SLOVENSKÉHO JAZYKA

80%

Matiová M.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2016

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vol. 5

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issue 2

50 – 52

EN

Phraseology is the immanent part of every living language. It is the repository in which cultural and spiritual wealth of every nation is kept. Phraseological units are also frequent expression means that enable metaphoric, brief and truthful verbalization in the process of social communication. Their operation determines the level of Slovak and foreign language knowledge. The text book Phraseology and the manual Slovak-Hungarian dictionary with phraseology exercises are effective teaching aids containing not only theoretical knowledge from Phraseology and illustrative examples from a living language, but also the number of practical tasks. Their use in the process of education significantly participates on gaining language and communication competence.

16

THE COMMUNICATION JOHN PAUL II WITH THE MAN AND THE WORLD (Komunikacia Jana Pavla II. s clovekom i so svetom)

80%

Zasepa T., Wozniak J.

Biuletyn Edukacji Medialnej

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2011

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issue 1

104-117

EN

27 years of John Paul II pontificate convinced the world that love, sacrifice, forgiveness and openness towards the people of all races, religions, of all ages is still possible in the world of conflicts, wars and crisis. John Paul II used all his gifts, particularly words and gestures which in case of former actor were used in the best possible way. It was obvious since the very first day of his service. Regarding the language (words) of the Pope we can discover that he never commanded, but asked people to do something good. He wished the people the best, realizing that the wish is the best way to show his good will and express that it is the best way to communicate all believers. John Paul II was the master in media. He was very natural, smiling, blessing- and all of this was very sincere. And even now, since his death and at present time, after his beatification he is alive in people's minds and thoughts.

17

Communication function of elections

80%

Turska-Kawa A., Wojtasik W.

Communication Today

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2013

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vol. 4

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issue 1

36-47

EN

The aim of the text is to describe one of the basic functions of the elections, executed at both normative and empirical levels - the communication function, in the context of changes in the structure of Western societies, changes in methods and strategies of political communication and evolution of forms of electoral participation. Nowadays, as the communication function is meant as the establishment of such an interaction between the actors of the electoral process, which by means of non-accidental messages and communication channels guide the decisions of voters. The authors also aim to describe the process of character transformation of the communication function of elections, resulting from changes in the political sphere and its axiological layer.

18

Kontury Chetvertoy promyshlennoy revolyutsii

80%

Melnyk L. H.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2016

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vol. 3(73)

133-148

EN

About the contents of the key elements of the Fourth industrial revolution: the Internet of things, cyberphysical systems, interobjects communication channels, "cloud technologies" as the basis for the formation of a planetary system memory is told in popular form. Along with analytical brief overview of the informative components of the coming information age three stories are offered for readers issues of forming. The approaches to solving the problem of the "Internet of things" intellectualization and its integration into the realities of human civilization.

19

ALGORITMICKÁ MEDIÁCIA

80%

Lévy P.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2014

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vol. 69

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issue 1

42 – 51

EN

The analysis of the inner structure of algorithms makes the analysis of the development of the semantics of an algorithmic medium possible. The objective of the paper is to show the important stages of the development of the latter as related to new systems of addressing and encoding intended for backing up files as well as for operators. The author argues, that contrary to previous typographic medium, which endorsed the reproduction and automatic expansion of symbols, the new algorithmic medium endorses manipulating and automatically transforming the symbols. This difference enables us to understand the new pattern of communication in a data-driven society.

20

The Internet Space of Scientific Research

80%

Slowinski R.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2005

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vol. 41

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issue 2(164)

191-213

EN

We argue that the dynamic growth of the world-wide computer network has a revolutionary impact on scientific research and its spatial organization. Due to third generation Internet, scientific research can be done very far from real scientific centres. In those parts of the world where researchers have access to the fast Internet, scientific research undergoes democratization. The world-wide computer network made revolution not only in communication between scientists, but also in the way of approaching scientific discovery, creating virtual laboratories and infrastructure for computing 'on request', called grid computing. To illustrate these revolutionary changes, we use examples related to the Polish optical Internet owned by scientific community. We also present another, rather troublesome consequence of networking - the problem of the growing gap between data generation and data comprehension. To bridge this gap, a new discipline has emerged, called knowledge discovery from data, or machine intelligence. Knowledge discovery is a process of identifying true, non-trivial, potentially useful and comprehensible patterns in data. The patterns can be used for explanation of phenomena described by data and for prediction of their development. Patterns discovered from data may also become new scientific hypotheses, which is new comparing to the way of approaching scientific discovery before Internet.

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