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Utracona całość. Problem rozczłonkowania w Alasdaire’a MacIntyre’a krytyce kultury nowoczesnej

100%
Nowak W. M.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
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2007
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vol. 2
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issue 2
25-44
EN
Alasdair MacIntyre, often classified as a communitarian, is one of the most radical critics of modernity, modern liberalism and the Enlightenment project. A crucial concept and leitmotiv of his critique is the concept of compartmentalization. In After Virtue and other works MacIntyre develops an idea that a malaise of modern civilization (its practices, presuppositions, institutions, and especially its public moral discourse) is the lack of one hypergood (which liberals approvingly call ‘pluralism’). In consequence, the modern individual has no moral identity and his/her life is only a series of episodes with no unifying element. An essential part of MacIntyrean critique of modernity is his historical narration in which he contrasts the modern and contemporary situation with the heroic and classical antiquity and the Middle Ages. In this comparison we may see, as MacIntyre says, that history of modern morality is the history of drama which culminates in contemporary new barbarism and its heroes (characters): Manager, Rich Aesthete and Therapist. MacIntyre is not only a critic of modern societies; he also proposes some remedies to maladies of modern civilisation. His proposition, deeply rooted in Aristotelian-Thomistic philosophy, is the return to Tradition as a kind of moral inquiry and a kind of life. In times of technocratic barbarism we must turn back to cultivating practices with their own goods and virtues and to the concept of the unity of human life.
2

DO WE SHARE A LANGUAGE? COMMUNITARISM AND ITS CHALLENGES

80%
Drobňák M.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2019
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vol. 26
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issue 4
572 - 596
EN
The idea that natural languages are shared by speakers within linguistic communities is often taken for granted. Several philosophers even take the notion of shared language as fundamental and that allows them to use it in further explanations. However, to justify the claim that speakers share a language, it should be possible to demarcate the shared language somehow. In this paper, I discuss: A) the explanatory role which the notion of shared language can play, and B) a strategy for demarcating shared languages from within the linguistic production of speakers. The aim of this paper is to show that the indeterminate nature of meaning in natural languages problematizes the intuitive idea of natural languages as shared.
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