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Od integrální humanitní komparatistiky k integrální literární komparatistice

100%
Bakuła B.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 3
317-331
EN
The article presents the ‘Integrated Comparative literature’ project, part of the broader ‘Integrated Comparative studies in the humanities’, linking together research on literature, history, sociology, anthropology, and even aesthetics. Comparative research on literature, which the author considers chiefly a part of territorial studies, considerably extends the methodological perspective, going beyond the traditionally ‘pure’ areas of the humanities. The traditional functions of literature, as well as genres and sub-genres, has been changing as a result of globalization, the predominance of the World Wide Web, and the formation of new centres, altering the relations both within a culture and amongst different cultures, including literature.
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WORLD LITERATURE AND COMPARATIVE POETICS: CULTURAL EQUALITY, RELATIVISM, OR INCOMMENSURABILITY?

80%
Gáfrik R.
World Literature Studies
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2013
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vol. 5 (22)
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issue 2
64 – 76
EN
In the 20th century the term “world literature” was expanded to include literatures outside of the Western world. This fact bears upon literary theory as well. Literary studies have tried to develop a universal approach to literature. Their presuppositions, however, are rooted in the modern Western notion of literature. The theoretical work, done in comparative poetics offers an important perspective on the problem of world literature. In the West, it was Earl Miner in particular who opened the debate on the commensurability of the world’s literary cultures. The paper points to the existence of literary critical discourses outside of the Western world and argues for the emergence of an intercultural theory of literature. In China, Japan, the Arab world and especially in India the production of literature has been accompanied by a rich critical output. In India, for example, an indigenous literary theory independent of Western scholarship is still alive. The so-called rasa theory, first formulated in Bharata’s Natya Shastra and later developed into rasadhvani by Anandavardhana and Abhinavagupta, seems, as Patrick Hogan and Keith Oatley argue, particularly interesting because it corresponds with the recent advancements in the study of cognition and emotion. The paper discusses possibilities and implications of the project of comparative poetics for understanding world literature.
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WRITERS AND DOMICILES

80%
Chorvathova M.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
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2004
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vol. 13
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issue 2
162-166
EN
The study reviews the use of one of the terms introduced by the Slovak theoretician of comparative literature, Dionýz Durisin, and that is 'dual/multiple domicile' (or 'di/poly/oecism' in other translations, using the Greek root 'oikia' a house, dwelling). The term, understood in a wider context of the interliterary process, describes a situation, in which a writer transgresses the borders of his local literary system and 'functions' - that is affects writing in other literary systems as well. Z. Hegedüsová, who applied this term to American and British literatures, tried to re-define the rather broad meaning by adding an element of intentional promotion of the 'higher' unit of the interliterary process. She speaks about 'personal psychological preference for the community, often resulting in denial of the need to preserve the specific features of elements that constitute it' citing the example of Walter Scott. Such an understanding of dual/multiple domicile is then confronted with the contemporary literatures written in English, in which the ambition and the reality of dual/multiple domicile is often tied to intentional promotion of diversity and hybridity. Salman Rushdie, who in his works, both fictional and essayistic, questions the canonic status of clear-cut categories, serves as an example.
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COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND POSTCOLONIAL STUDIES (Literatura porównawcza i studia postkolonialne - nowe otwarcie dla komparatystyki?

80%
Kolodziejczyk D.
Porównania
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2008
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vol. 5
55-73
EN
The article propounds the thesis that postcolonial studies derive from a comparative impulse and subsequently develop as a discourse comparative in nature. Postcolonialism reveals its comparative drive mostly in the understanding of imperialism as a dynamic forcefield where hegemony, coercion and subjugation are faced and challenged with oppositional forms from sly mimicry through open resistance up to diversity of parodic reclamations and textual reappropriations in the strategy of 'rewriting'. The authoress claims that the new comparativism informed by postcolonial studies, remarkably via Edward Said's work, disrupts binarisms fundamental not only for the imperial thinking about identity, but also for nationalism which needs clear divisions. Comparativism premised on postcolonial studies does not seek to prove the complete rejection and overcoming of colonialism, but, rather, reveals the ambivalent aftermath of colonialism and opens up a new perspective, in Said's words, of nomadic and contrapuntal historiography and history of literature. The foundational theoreticians of postcolonialism - Edward Said, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Homi Bhabha, to mention just the most important names - recognized the importance of the tradition of comparative literature and called for expanding its borders beyond Europe. Likewise, each of them differently, offers a theory of comparativism enhanced by postcolonial sensibilities. The article concludes with a tone of criticism to warn against the all too easy association of postcolonial literature with a global or cosmopolitan migrant writing marketed as the new world literature prophesied by Goethe. Instead of such marketing, a new critical attention to new cosmopolitanisms, new forms of translation, is needed.
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EAST-WEST STUDIES IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY COMPARATIVE STUDIES (Studia Wschód - Zachód w kontekscie wspólczesnej komparatystyki)

80%
Zelenkova A.
Porównania
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2009
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vol. 6
39-45
EN
The paper is focused on comparative and interliterary research designated as East-West Studies. Such research mainly consists in the typological study of similarities and differences between regions (areas) with remote culture and poetology as well as geography. One of the major figures in the field of East-West Studies, apart from R. Etiemble and C. Guillén, is E. Miner, the American comparative scholar who devised its terminology and methodology. He regards intercultural comparative studies as an alternative project of the 'world' aspect of literature, as a cultural dialogue between the West and the East (e.g. Europe and America and their communication with the Orient). In the Czech-Slovak tradition, East-West Studies have represented the relationship of the West towards the Slavonic world. Czech Slavonic scholar K. Krejci concluded that the dialogue between the European West and the Slavonic East had been maintained through myths which, however, may have become a historical fact. The West discovered Eastern Europe (Russia) rather late, in the 18th century, while Slavonic intellectuals got acquainted with the West in person, through visits and reading books in the original. It was namely Czechs and Poles who manifested the cultural 'split' between the West and the East.
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NASREDDIN HODJA’S FOOLISH WISDOM: SLAVIC LITERARY ADAPTATIONS OF A TURKISH FOLK HERO

80%
Sabatos C.
World Literature Studies
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2016
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vol. 8
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issue 4
35 – 46
EN
The Turkish comic folk hero Nasreddin Hodja is known across the Muslim and former Ottoman world, but he also has a unique place in modern Slavic literatures (Russian, Bosnian/Serbian, Bulgarian, and Czech). What is interesting in each of these works is the way that this character has been adapted as a transcultural icon, transforming his medieval Islamic spirit into something suitable for modern national literatures while preserving his essential comic qualities. Nasreddin’s Slavic “afterlife” is not simply a forerunner of literary globalization. It also shows how exotic figures allow expanded freedom of expression under various forms of cultural repression.
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NATIONAL PECULIARITIES IN APPROACHING THE CLASSICS: THE CASE OF CATULLUS WITH HUNGARIAN MODERNISM

80%
Hajdu P.
World Literature Studies
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2023
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vol. 15
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issue 3
4 – 12
EN
The Greco-Roman Classics form a body of texts that belong indisputably to world literature, yet they are often left outside the scope of comparative literature because of their ambiguous relationship to the concept of national literature. This article describes the current situation of academia in which the comparative approach to the Classics is limited and tests the possibility of regarding them as a code or a language of comparison. The attitudes of various national literatures towards the Classics in different historical periods are revealing not only of ancient literary traditions but also about modern ones, and provide a solid basis for comparison. The second part of the article discusses the presence of Catullan poetry in Hungarian modernist literature as a case study. Roman poetry was invoked mostly by some progressive circles of the interwar literary field to promote the development of various linguistic facets of the modernist poetic discourse. This example shows how the Classics enter the world literary space through national literatures’ active involvement with them.
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THE PAST, ROMANTICISM, LITERATURE

80%
Kasperski E.
Przegląd Humanistyczny
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2006
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vol. 50
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issue 1(394)
11-24
EN
The article opens a discussion with two Stefan Kozak's works: 'Ukrainian Preromanticism', published in Ukrainian in 2003 and the book 'The Polish and the Ukrainian. In the Circle of Borderline Thought and Culture. Romanticism', published in 2005. It underlines the positive role of comparative literature in the studies on Polish-Ukrainian relationships. Furthermore, it indicates the new situation of Ukrainian Studies, which appeared after Ukraine had gained its independence. Being critical about certain Kozak's suggestions, the article advocates the need to preserve the name Borderland, referring to eastern land of the First Polish Republic, as well as to the situation until 1945, i.e. the moment when Borderland was wiped out of the Polish who had lived there since the 14th century. As far as the beginning of Ukrainian romanticism, the article finds the arguments inefficient, shifting the moment to the 1820s or even further, towards the end of the 18th century.
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THE CONCEPT OF WORLD LITERATURE IN CZECH AND SLOVAK COMPARATIVE LITERARY STUDIES

80%
Zelenka M.
World Literature Studies
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2022
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vol. 14
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issue 2
5 - 30
EN
This article aims to systemize the trends in world literature research, highlighting the differences between the concepts of this phenomenon as embraced by “small” and “large” literatures. It also takes account of the Czech and Slovak line of thinking which questions the concept of world literature as normative poetics or the standardized canon of masterpieces and their various discourses. The historical experience of Czech and Slovak comparative literary studies defending the independent values of Slavic literatures suggests that there cannot be any arbitrary research on world literature. With some exceptions and regardless of their terminologically and semantically different interpretations of this specialism, contemporary theoretical concepts (as embraced by Emily Apter, Pascale Casanova, David Damrosch, Marko Juvan, Franco Moretti, etc.) re-establish recognizing world literature as an international research issue or a subject employing English as a universal means of communication. Imposing such notion would allegedly condone inequality as a kind of epistemological framework to codify the binary opposition of “developed” and “underdeveloped” or “the centre” and “periphery”. It was mainly the Czech-Slovak structuralise tradition (represented by Frank Wollman, René Wellek, Dionýz Ďurišin, etc.) that rejected national literature as a natural starting point of world literature. Anchored in the Central European intellectual milieu at the crossing of various aesthetic movements, these “defensive” theories were linked with the structural concept of the Prague Linguistic Circle, letting alone the multilingual tradition of the former Habsburg Empire and the phenomenon of migration which implied the aspect of polyglossia and heterotopia as a breeding ground for comparative scholars.
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BALTIC LITERATURES: GLOBAL PROBLEMS IN LOCAL CONTEXT (Baltske literatury: Globalne problemy v lokalnom kontexte)

80%
Kalnacs B.
World Literature Studies
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2009
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vol. 1(18)
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issue 2
3-9
EN
The paper tries to sketch the ways and strategies that scholarship in Latvia has chosen in the recent years. It tries to look for the answers to the questions whether it is possible to give a systematic description of the development of different cultures and literatures; how they are comprehended in their particularities and similarities, their originality and literary and cultural encounters; whether one must proceed from a large encyclopaedic picture then trying to find specific examples in particular cultures which match general models of development, or one should instead of concentrate on particular aspects of different cultures and specific case studies in order to look for their possible place in the multitude of cultural manifestations. The paper thus offers a succinct summary of literary studies in Latvia after the re-establishment of national independence in 1991, while keeping in focus the mutual ties of literary studies in Baltic countries.
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THE INCOMPARABLE AS UNINTERPRETABLE: COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND THE QUESTION OF RELEVANT (RE)CONTEXTUALIZATION

70%
Terian A.
World Literature Studies
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2013
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vol. 5 (22)
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issue 2
52 – 63
EN
This article approaches the topic of the “incomparable” in contemporary comparative literature in four steps. Firstly, it systematizes the problem, i.e. it describes the most important contemporary aspects of the thesis of the “incomparable” (or of the “incommensurable”). Secondly, it historicizes the discussion, meaning it tries to prove that many of the current controversies replay – frequently using the same arguments or arguments inferred from them – some of the older debates on the “incomparable” nature of literary works. Thirdly, it “trivializes” the issue – in the meaning of the pragmatic concept proposed by Richard Rorty, for whom “trivialization” is the philosophical procedure of limiting the differences in nature among specific phenomena to differences of degree. Fourthly, it re-examines in brief the problem of the “comparable” from the perspective of its relevance for the contexts of literary interpretation. The conclusion of the article is an advocacy of the comparative approach to literary practices, which, for now, remains a challenge rather than a well-defined field of study within current comparatism.
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IMAGES OF REMOTE COUNTRIES IN THE LITERATURES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: ON THE THEORETICAL STARTING POINTS OF INTERCULTURAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES

70%
Pokrivčák A., Zelenka M.
World Literature Studies
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2019
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vol. 11
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issue 2
3 – 15
EN
In Central and Eastern Europe, the research into inter-literary relations traditionally drew on national concerns emerging naturally from the proximity of a great number of neighbouring nation states with their distinct cultures, or national minorities living within a majority culture. Yet the contacts or relationships with structurally and typologically different cultures have remained outside of critical attention. Studying them requires not only some knowledge of the extra literary context in which those cultures are situated, but a methodologically different approach as well, such as is used in postcolonial or decolonial theory, Orientalism, imagology, etc. The paper draws attention to the problems connected with comparisons using these approaches, especially imagology, as their main methodological tool. At the same time, it aims at finding out how such approaches contribute to the understanding of cultural, ethnic, biological or material “otherness” (especially through stereotyped imago typical structures), and whether it is possible to transfer, for example, the imagological concepts historically created in a certain context to a cultural area of a different civilization, and use them to analyse the nature of the literary.
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THEORETICAL INITIATIVES IN SLOVAK LITERARY SCIENCE (Teoreticke iniciativy v slovenskej literarnej vede dvadsiateho storocia)

70%
Zajac P.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
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2008
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vol. 17
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issue Spec. ed.
99-109
EN
The author of the study explores the dynamics of the peripeties in the developments in literary-scientific thinking in broader contexts of cultural life in Slovakia. He describes the individual personalities and points out the uniqueness of their contributions to the literary scientific discourse, as well as Slovak cultural milieu while depicting them as phenomena transcending national and cultural boundaries as well as boundaries among disciplines. The contexts of reflections between the poles of modernity and conservatism create: abstract art, visual avant-garde, Russian formalism, Viennese neo-positivism, psychoanalysis, structuralism and semiotics. The author outlines the semiotic conception of language and a whole range of transtextuality (intertextuality, paratextuality, metatextuality, architextuality and hypertextuality), metonymy and metaphor, the problem of the archeology of cultural memory, post-structuralism and pulsation aesthetics.
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MY JOURNEY THROUGH SIXTY YEARS OF INTERNATIONAL LITERARY SINOLOGY (1953 – 2012)

70%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
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2014
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vol. 23
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issue 1
60 – 88
EN
Research into the Chinese Humanities in our global age and their development is not possible without looking back and without a broad Sino-Western dialogue and mutual cooperation. In his 80th year the writer of this essay looks back at his life-long experience and brings forward his and his colleagues results of study and common endeavours from China and the West from October 1953 up to our times in different spheres of scholarly research. The different aspects of modern Chinese literature, creative, critical and comparative, intellectual history mostly of Sino-Western orientation, the development of Sinology in his student years in Prague and Peking (1953 – 1960), the best years of the Prague School of Sinology and the beginning of the study of modern Chinese literature in the West (1961 – 1968), Western and European Studies in modern Chinese literature in the years of the so-called Cultural Revolution and its aftermath (1969 – 1979), Western and European studies in the 1980 and the new beginning in China, the end of the 20th century and the beginning the 21st century. This essay also comprises other realms of study such as traditional literature, and researches into the comparative history as well as biblical studies in relation to China.
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COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND THE THEORY OF INTERLITERARINESS IN SPAIN/FROM SPANISH VIEWPOINT (Porovnavacia literatura a teoria medziliterarnosti v Spanielsku/z pohladu Spanielska)

70%
Dominguez C.
World Literature Studies
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2009
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vol. 1(18)
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issue 2
10-24
EN
The aim of this paper is double. First, it provides an overview on the situation of comparative literature in Spanish academia. Second, the paper discusses the reception of the Slovak theory of inter-literary process in Spain. In particular, after the performance of an analysis of the Spanish institutional singularities, namely the consequences for comparative literature's being merged into a single 'area of knowledge' with literary theory, the announcement of comparative literature's crisis and death is qualified according to spatial criteria along with interpretive communities. Finally, some conclusions are drawn for the International Comparative Literature Association's project of a comparative history of literatures in European languages as practised in Spain with a Comparative History of Literatures in the Iberian Peninsula.
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O interdyscyplinarności komparatystyki

61%
Płaszczewska O.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2013
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issue 8
97-112
PL
The paper is concerned with the theory of comparative studies, addressing the basic ways in which interdisciplinarity of comparative studies is construed (including both the object of comparative studies as well as the methodology), with particular consideration given to the correspondence of arts.   The condition that comparative studies have to meet so as to retain its integrity as a discipline and avoid falling into dangerous amorphism is to recognise that literature must remain a constant element in the comparison.
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COMPARATISM AND THE CRISIS OF LITERARY STUDIES

61%
Pokrivčák A.
World Literature Studies
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2013
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vol. 5 (22)
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issue 2
77 – 88
EN
The article is an analysis of René Wellek’s contribution to the theory of comparative literature. It draws on his characterization of the crisis of comparative literature presented at the 2nd Congress of ICLA in the USA, and continues with the interpretation of some of his other opinions concerning the situation in which literary studies in the USA found itself at the end of the 20th century. They are included especially in his articles “The Attack on Literature” and “Destroying Literary Studies.” René Wellek’s theoretical opinions are analysed especially in the context of emerging cultural studies and their ideologization of literature in general, formally expressed, for example, in the Bernheimer Report for the American Association of Comparative Literature. The author points out that the future of the comparative literature lies not in its use of ideological contexts but in its ability to draw attention to universal principles and values, perhaps thorough the conceptions of inter-literariness and world literature, and thus overcome the harmfulness of separatist tendencies fed by particularisms of various types.
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THE SLOVAK COMPARATIVIST, DIONYZ DURISIN, AND HIS INTERNATIONAL RECEPTION

61%
Galik M.
World Literature Studies
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2009
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vol. 1(18)
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issue 1
6-13
EN
The paper deals with the work of Dionyz Durisin (1929-1997) and his response in world literature science. Durisin was one of the best Slovak literature theorists and world well known comparativist. Many of his works were translated into foreign languages, including Chinese and Japanese. They motivated the inter-literary research in whole Europe as well as in the USA, Canada, Latin America, China and Japan. In 1970 Durisin brought in his conception on the 6-th International congress AILC in Bordeaux. His works were known and cited also by Rene Wellek, Douwe W. Fokkema and Ulrich Weisstein. W. Fokkema pointed out inventiveness and originality of his conception. Earl Minner mentioned his significant contribution to the discussion on the notion of the influence. The others noticed the relation of his thought with translation research as well as with the Israeli school of poly-systems theory. In the 80s Durisin elaborated theory of inter-literary communities and in the last time he dealt with the notion of literary centrism and world literature.
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BARTHES, KUNDERA AND GOMBROWICZ (Barthes, Kundera a Gombrowicz)

61%
Ceska J.
World Literature Studies
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2010
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vol. 2 (19)
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issue 3
63-74
EN
Barthes, Kundera and Gombrowicz share an aspiration towards demystification. Each of them applies it in a different way. Although we might expect Kundera and Gombrowicz to share the novel technique, instead there appears to be a strong affinity between Kundera and Barthes (in the hidden, ideological rhetorical gesture) against which Gombrowicz stands as their anti-thesis. Even though Barthes speaks in various places about the danger of the solidification of writing, it is possible to observe this solidification (through ideological fortification) both in him and in Kundera. Probably because their positions are not rigorously examined (they are reflexive, but not self-reflexive), since they apply the demystifying demand only to their rivals (bourgeois myths - i.e., the editor, lyricism, romantic cliches), but never to their own position, from which they execute their criticism. This is different in Gombrowicz, who not only refuses to ideologically fix the signs of literature, but his position is moreover self reflexive (it defies solidification). His straightforward, exaggerated literary gesture is therefore only seemingly disrespectful.
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THE PERMANENT CRISIS, OR CAN, COULD OR SHOULD COMPARATIVE LITERARY STUDIES SURVIVE?: BETWEEN HISTORY, THEORY AND AREA STUDIES

61%
Pospisil I.
World Literature Studies
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2009
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vol. 1(18)
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issue 1
50-61
EN
At the same time comparative literature is approach, method and autonomic discipline of literary science with developed terminology and methodology. In the past besides positivism it passed through psychologism and immanent methods, esp. formalism and structuralism too. At present its characteristic feature is deep self-reflection. Comparative literature represents discipline, which contains history, theory, terminology and type of research method in the structure of literary science. Its long history already makes from comparative literature specific discipline that goes from study of Mediterranean area, antique and than from national literatures. Traditions, which are created in the Czech and Slovak cultural area and directed from Wollman's ideology to Durisin's special inter-literary community, disclosed not only the power but also lower aspects of literary comparatistics. One of the aspects of contemporary comparative literature is linked with cultural dialogue and area studies, which spread background of comparative researches. Contemporary status of comparative literature is rather complicated: on one hand there are traditional comparative methods and on the other, there is a keen quest for radical innovations. And, last but not least, comparative literature has appeared in the focus of application as a methodological tool when conceiving a new model of literary history or a history of any national literature that cannot be understood outside its comparative framework. The answer to the question in the title of this paper may be: comparative literature may function as loos net of historically tested approaches, single methods and visions, or as a chain of more complex approaches connected with new subjects and problems of world literature.
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