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EN
The authoress aims to identify the state of competitiveness of the Polish fruit and vegetables sector in comparison to the European Union countries, especially taking into account the new member states. The production potential and trade in fresh and processed fruit and vegetables were analyzed. The analysis of competitiveness was made on the basis of selected market and trade indicators, labour productivity and average turnover of processing enterprises. The determinants of competitiveness of Polish horticulture were also discussed
EN
In the paper, the results of research into the competitiveness of Hungary's economy in 1995-2002 were presented. The competitiveness of the economy was determined on the level of the manufacturing sector with special regard to the impact of foreign direct investment on the automotive industry and the electrical and optical appliance industry. The above industries that in the 1990s had enjoyed priority governmental support in the form of investment incentives, showed the strongest penetration by the foreign capital. The foreign direct investment (FDI) companies established in these industries made the quickest adaptive structural transformations in the sphere of production and marketing, increased the export volume and decidedly improved the quality of their product offer, thus integrating Hungary into the European production and sales chain. This has been not without influence on the profitability of the FDI companies in the above industries. Thus, the adaptability of the Hungarian economy and its sales and profit making capability in the industries under review have proved to be high, thanks to the foreign direct investment companies. However, at the same time the economy's capability of attracting foreign investment has been considerably weakening, as the volume of foreign investment in the manufacturing sector has been approaching the limit of this sector's absorption capability.
EN
Representatives of the European Union as well as particular countries realize that quality has become a decisive factor of competitiveness. Therefore, they intensively support the care for quality at the micro-economic level. It is provided through corporate quality management systems. It is a tool allowing companies to grow constantly through suitable application of modern methods applicable in the corporate management. One of the methods contributing to increasing the quality provided as well as to efficiency of actual processes is the Quick Response method. It is an approach enabling to increase the speed of response to the customers' demands, with reasonable costs spent. Implementation of this method should contribute to fulfilling the basic principles of the quality management and higher competitiveness of the company
EN
Membership of the European Union has a many-sided influence on the operation of the agricultural sector and rural community in Poland. The most significant changes stem from inclusion in the uniform market and subordination to the common agricultural policy. Owing to the substantial and not fully utilised competitive potential of Polish agriculture the reforms implemented so far, which separate support for agricultural incomes from decisions concerning production, have strengthened the sector's position on the common market. Although the intervention system applied within the common organisation of markets has not proved effective in all the segments its general assessment is positive. Consecutive reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy are not only a chance for its adjustment to the specific expectations of Poland but also a challenge - it is necessary to constantly improve effectiveness in promoting Polish goals in this process.
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Zmiany strukturalne w gospodarce polskiej

80%
EN
Nowadays, among the most important factors which contribute to the general efficiency of the economy, there are the structural changes. The structural changes very frequently result in the change of the production structure and the structure of using the production factors in economy. Furthermore, the structural changes in the Polish economy proceed much faster than in other mature economies of the developed countries. Therefore, studying the structural changes in this case is quite complicated and it re-quires the application of appropriate methods. List of analysis prepared in this paper made it possible for the authors to identify the Polish economy's stage of development. It turned out that our economy stopped on a stage of the postindustrial society, which means that it still did not join the group of developed economies. Unfortunately, according to results of the analysis the Polish economy will remain on the same stage in the nearest future, without possibility to carry out this civilization leap.
EN
The paper analyzes the need to invest in human capital in order to increase firm competitiveness. Considered based on the benefits of investing in human capital for the three main stakeholders: employees, businesses and the state. The dynamics of investing financial resources in human capital Ukrainian enterprises and the main deterrents of investment growth. Also stipulates that domestic enterprises are reducing costs by budget, primarily due to savings in staff costs. In particular, the low level of domestic enterprises investing in human capital due to the following reasons: lack of available funds in enterprises, inefficient incentives from the government to businesses, understanding the leadership necessary for such measures. Also, the article analyzes the main achievements of developed countries in the field of labor stimulating growth potential.
EN
Methodological approaches to assessment of the tourism industry competitiveness at various levels of its management: national, regional or organizational have been generalized. Taking into account the strategic importance of tourism development for many regions of Ukraine, special attention is paid to the opportunity to assess the competitiveness of tourism product in the context of regional competitiveness. With its aim a definition of 'tourism product of the region' being a combination of all products and services offered in the region for different categories of consumers and elaborated on the basis of historical, cultural, natural and other tourist resources of the region territory has been proposed. The estimation of the competitiveness of tourism product of the Carpathian region using the methods of strategic analysis, including the Boston Consulting Group matrix has been carried out.
EN
The problem of the Polish economy is low factor competitiveness. The businesses are commonly believed to be of great importance in creating competitive economy, whereas the aims of businesses are greatly regulated by consumers. Consumers, being the least significant yet the most numerous section of economy, are the entity which both entrepreneurs and different business groups must recognize. New conditions and socio-economical phenomena, resulting from the process of transformation of the Polish economy, show distinctive growth of importance of market consumption. The lack of relatively solid and harmonized attitudes in mutual exchange of economic subjects on goods and tangible and intangible services market on the one hand and the lack of them on the employment and financial markets on the other hand do not condition creating a stable and homogenous system of behaviour in a widely conceived intra-economical cooperation. Not downgrading the role of businesses in building competitive economy it may be argued that consumers, through their participation in widely conceived market game (social), initiate the processes shaping directly and indirectly the (present and future) competitive capability of economy.
EN
The article uses triangulation of methods, meaning the combination of quantitative analysis of official statistical data with own qualitative analyses. The condition and dynamics of the Polish fruit and vegetable sector were analysed and results of qualitative studies on competitiveness of selected companies from the sector were presented. The resources and competence, forms of competition and rivalry of selected companies from the sector were evaluated. The entrepreneurs' opinions concerning the domestic and export markets were analysed using descriptive measures of qualitative features interrelations. The concurrence of entrepreneurs' opinions demonstrated the convergence of market conditions at home and abroad. However, the entrepreneurs assessed that their position on foreign markets as being relatively weaker than on the domestic market. The weaker position of analysed enterprises on foreign markets results from low level of concentration of the companies from the fruit and vegetable processing sector and their relatively low innovativeness.
EN
Corporate reengineering with its philosophy of 'process management' qualitatively evaluates effectiveness and efficiency of recent business structure processes. It is valid not only for the company itself but also for its particular outlets (plants, subsidiaries, workshops, operating units, etc.). The article gives reasons for the use of particular methodology, application of methodology of well-known consulting firms such as Andersen Consulting, Bain, BCG (Boston Consultancy Group) and McKinsey & Company. The aim of this paper is to compare reengineering methodologies of selected consulting companies and institutions from abroad and Slovakia and to stress advantages of their methodology and possibilities of its application in Slovak firms in order to increase their competitiveness.
EN
The main aspect of this paper is to present basic groups of the change generating criteria in companies competitive raising. Authors used three main groups of the objects creating this change generating criteria, which are: suppliers, companies and their processes, as well as, customers.
EN
Production of university ranking lists has become a cottage industry. The global picture drawn from such comparisons shows clearly that Europe's higher education system is losing ground compared with its competitor, that of the United States. The growing number of university ranking lists are based on a multitude of methodological approaches, making comparisons between them extremely difficult. Detailed analysis of three international such lists, using elements also from some others, shows that this analytical 'industry' is still far from maturity. Nonetheless, the growing gap between North America and Europe in this field cannot be questioned. If this is really so, the higher-education element in Europe's competitiveness strategy needs to be made a key issue in the Lisbon Programme.
EN
Nowadays, the concept of competitiveness has been become modern usage in some measure, used and accepted by broad public. Definition and explanation of this term is not simple and unambiguous as well. During the 90´s a lot of types of development zones entrenched in the Czech Republic area and became economic and social phenomenon of today. The main objective of this contribution is to analyse and assess competitiveness of development zones on the basis of regional-economic approach. The authors take advantage of both hard statistical data and information based on quality with emphasis on modern behavioural concept of classical localization theory.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 4
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issue 1
169-178
EN
The article discusses the issue of tax competition in the Polish economy. The author presented and compared the level of tax rates in force in European countries for the following taxes: - PIT (Personal Income Tax) is a personal income tax, a direct average, from individuals, - CIT (Corporate Income Tax) Income tax is a direct, legal persons - companies and enterprises, - VAT Value Added Tax) is a tax on goods and services. End and entered findings of the presented topics.
Ekonomista
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2007
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issue 6
873-890
EN
Nowadays Poland possesses a comparative advantage arising from relatively lower production costs. However, it is apparent, that this advantage is fading away. The sources of the process lie, among others, in Poland's exposure to manufactures from beyond the European Union, from countries that are developing more dynamically than Poland. This process is unavoidable. Moreover, our lower-cost advantage is diminishing as a result of appreciation pressure which the zloty is permanently exposed to. Also high inflation pressure can boost this process. Therefore it is clear that Poland is facing a race against time: not only has it to slow down the loss of the above advantage, but it also has to create new advantages as quickly as possible. Consequently, one of the objectives of macroeconomic policy should be to accelerate Polish accession to the European Monetary Union. Failure to do so would result in further strengthening of the zloty and in its volatility that impair operations of Polish companies (especially small and mid-size which can not afford to hedge against exchange rate risks). Joining the EMU would give Poland extra time to build a modern economy, prevent the zloty's further appreciation and, as a result, reduce ongoing falling relatively-lower-costs competitive advantage.
EN
This article analyzes the concept of competitiveness, competitiveness of the criteria and methodology for assessing competitiveness.
EN
The study sets out to identify the factors that have helped to sustain Hungary's competitiveness on the capital market and influenced the arrival of capital investments in the country in the last decade and a half. An important group among the factors emphasized in the literature consists of the elements of the UNCTAD index of capital attraction, but the macro factors included in this do not cover the major decisive elements that have been central to attracting foreign investors into this region. These are privatization, fiscal policy, and the quality and structure of labour.
EN
The article makes an international comparison of the part played by services, notably services to business associations, in Hungary's economic development. After estimating the extent of these business services, the author analyses in more detail the corporate and economic attributes of business services (knowledge-intensive, professional) in the narrow sense. Services have helped to boost Hungary's economic development (in structural change, employment and productivity increases) in the last decade. Business services in the narrow sense have contributed to the greatest extent to the positive economic results, but despite an outstanding initial level, the intensity of their development has fallen behind that of the acceding countries including Hungary, with signs of breaks in the trend since 2000. The detailed examination of the economic characteristics of professional services has shed light on the extremely heterogeneous nature of their markets, the competitive disadvantage for domestic firms, and the dominance of foreign capital. The main lesson is that knowledge of this field is still patchy, due to lack of measurement (measurability) and important data, even though the catch-up process depends increasingly on developing these services and improving their efficiency.
EN
This article presents a thorough analysis of the concept of virtual organisation, allowing an examination of the virtualisation process to be carried out in a comprehensive manner while also taking into account its complexity and multidimensionality. The methodology for measuring the level of organisational virtualness has been effectively applied to a wide range of businesses, both large and small, representing the traditional and high-technology sectors. Statistical analysis confirmed that virtualisation has a positive impact on a company’s competitiveness. The results and conclusions of the examination provide a new perspective for the scientific exploration of virtual organisation, and form a starting point for future studies in this area of research.
EN
The paper analyses impact of institutional density on networking and competitiveness of six selected EU countries. Based on the empirical data on European highly-innovative research projects NEST 2004 and 2005 and ERA-Net Series 2 we study to what extent the countries participate at these projects. The results show that participation of some countries in such programs is insufficient. Our model shows that despite the fact that country size has a certain impact on project participation rate in the analyzed types of projects, such relationship is only partial. The paper also shows that transformation rate of the knowledge-related inputs into the knowledge-related outputs is in the case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia much lower compared to the most developed countries with comparable size (Sweden, Denmark, Austria and Finland).
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