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EN
The ongoing integration of the capital markets requires a rigorous monitoring. This is all the more important since the ever-changing conditions in the stock market. Main factors that led to a complete harmonization of the exchange with other entities trading in securities are privatization and cooperation with stronger foreign investor. This integration is linked not only to a number of challenges, but also gives hope for many new possibilities. Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) is also facing such challenges. The article discusses these conditioning in the context of the WSE development. The stock exchange's position in the global investment market to a large extent depends on the structure of ownership and involvement in technology. Most of the consolidation processes, however, do not progress without some interruptions. The main cause of failure is usually a difficulty in accepting the changes by both sides of potential cooperation. The greatest opportunity for future development of national stock exchanges is, therefore, privatization, and for the choice of a particular strategy, the potential of country's economy has a significant impact, including the potential of domestic capital market. When developing a way to publicize the final share exchange, it is necessary to realistically estimate its financial capabilities and future aspirations.
EN
Sadly, the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth (PRON) still lacks a historian. This interesting concept should be considered as the desperate attempt of an authoritarian regime to gain social legitimacy. Contrary to popular opinion, PRON did not merely copy the kind of 'national front' formula known from the National Unity Front (FJN), but also included new concepts. First of all, PRON was to change the existing functioning of democratic centralism: instead of the concept of transmitting the will of the Party to the masses, it was supposed to introduce bilateral transmission. It is worth noting that the regime adopted these proposals in 1982, when the law and order of the country was temporarily secure. The Communists were aware that the only formula likely to win wider support had to be new and authentic. Even more striking, though, is that they opted for changes that actually had a very limited scope. Patriotic phraseology, supported by very limited systemic changes led to disaster: People expected a lot more than the authorities were prepared to offer.
EN
The study surveys the arguments concerning the specific role of different sleep stages in memory and learning consolidation. There are several contradictory theories regarding the role of REM sleep. At the same time the topographically specific role of sleep spindles in consolidation was clarified. Left frontal spindles for example do play a central role in verbal retention according to data obtained by the authors.
Vojenská história
|
2023
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vol. 27
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issue 3
41 - 74
EN
The question of so-called normalisation in the military environment is divided into two parts. The study examines the period of the first stage of this controversial process based on extensive archival research. It points to the specific ways whereby this process differed from social developments. The aim of the so-called normalisation was to make the army once again a loyal and stabilising pillar of the neo-conservative regime. In addition to the so-called healthy core of military normalisers, a prominent role in the security forces was played by the military counter-intelligence. In the first stage particularly, it took on a key role and permanently exerted pressure to increase the speed of the purges. At the same time, the new party power centre lead by G. Husák was kept in fear of the so-called internal enemy.
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