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CONSPIRATION THEORIES ON THE INTERNET WEBSITES

100%
Panczova Z.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2005
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vol. 53
|
issue 2
152-171
EN
The paper presents one type of potential 'new genres' or subgenres within folklore studies, called conspiracy theories. It is that kind of rumours, which deal with hidden conspiracies threatening 'our' civilization or values. They belong to the permanent indicators and agents of social conflicts and crisis. The main topics of the paper are attack on New York, Iraq war or political and religious conspiracy of Masons. The authoress is particularly concerned with actual forms, patterns and functions of this conversational genre. From the functional point of view, she emphasizes following points: ideological and psychohygienic function, effort to raise one's social prestige, entertainment or relaxation. The research monitors especially the spontaneous communication and the use of rumours as arguments or weapons in the ideological duels. Internet discussion forums on Christian pages and the setting of specialized web pages devoted to conspiracy theories were used as a field. We can find many advantages as well as disadvantages of such type of research. The authoress is however convinced that internet research efforts a very important way in terms of observation and analysis of present-day communication.
2

KONŠPIRAČNÉ TEÓRIE A ICH ARGUMENTAČNÉ STRATÉGIE AKO PRÍKLAD IDEOLOGICKÝCH DISKURZOV

88%
Panczová Z.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2011
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vol. 59
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issue 1
8 – 28
EN
Folkloristics has traditionally focused on artistic expressions, which fulfil primarily aesthetic functions. The following paper, however, will be devoted to the genre of conspiracy theories, which I do not consider a folklore genre in the proper sense of the word but rather a narrative genre belonging to the category of rumours. The basic function of conspiracy theories is to mediate and to give a foundation of argument to a certain world-view model based on the motif of a group conspiracy. For the purposes of their genre analysis I have not consider the methods of ´´traditional“ folkloristics as a useful tool, and therefore I have tried to seek other methods proceeding from the distinctive qualities of these communication. As my research field I chose internet discussions, which meant concentrating on the written form of communication. The argumentative character and ideological anchoring of the texts being examined ultimately conditioned the selection of an appropriate research method in the framework of discursive analysis. The paper seeks to represent and offer for discussion the results of this experiment: a genre characterisation of conspiracy theories based on their typical argumentative strategies. My choice of theme in intended at the same time to evoke debate: to what extent is such a thematic and methodological purview acceptable within the bounds of folkloristic? Or if folkloristic paradigms are thus extended, what consequences may follow for Slovak folkloristics in the future?
3

DOUBTING THE MALAGASY REMEDY. RUMOURS AND SUSPICION DURING COVID-19 IN MADAGASCAR

75%
Desplat P.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2022
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vol. 70
|
issue 3
411 – 429
EN
After the world came into the grip of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, Madagascar suddenly moved into the spotlight of global media attention. Backed up by low incident rates and no deaths, the president of Madagascar announced in April that local scientists had found a cure for COVID-19. During a TV broadcast, he sipped from a bottle dubbed Covid-Organics (CVO) and heralded the herbal concoction as a remedy for the global crisis. The World Health Organization (WHO), however, reacted with scepticism and cautioned against the drink because no evidence of its effectiveness had been proven. The announcement of CVO and the response of the WHO sparked new hearsay in Madagascar and on social media alike. Some focused on the marginalisation and exploitation of Africa by global health organisations. Others assumed hidden intentions of the Malagasy government. Many buzzes questioned the ingredients of the herbal drink or that CVO was just another political stage act with a hidden agenda. This article takes rumours about conspiracies and other hidden schemes about CVO as a starting point to scrutinize how Malagasy debunk a state-inflicted infodemic. I argue that these narratives are not about an epistemic void that needs to be filled but, instead, about knowing too much about an ongoing drama to take a single, even hopeful, political act at face value. More specifically, I engage with suspicion as the driving force to decipher political acts as manipulative populism. Rumours and conspiracy theories are part of everyday discourses in Madagascar, and the challenges of navigating fact and fiction became a habitual practice that highlights the normalisation of socio-economic crises over the last five decades.
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