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Rola kredytu konsumpcyjnego w rozwoju innowacyjnym – ujęcie aksjomatyczne

100%
Ciałowicz B.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2012
|
issue 895
89-101
EN
In "The Theory of Economic Development" J. Schumpeter described economic development defined in relation to three factors: its causes (innovations) – actors (entrepreneurs), and financial means (credit). Consumers play a passive role in this process and can be characterised by routine behaviours, so that only changes in their activities are secondary to respective changes in a production system. The lack of an active role of consumers in the process of economic development was reflected in formal depictions of the neo-Schumpeterian theory of economic development. At the same time, contemporary literature on economic evolution more and more frequently raises the question of active participation of the demand side in this process. In this context, the aim of the paper is to modify the Arrow-Debreu model of a private ownership economy, taking into consideration the existence of consumer credit. Doing so will enable us to study the relationship between the height of consumer credit and the quality of innovative changes.
2

Evaluation credit applications, equality and inequality in consumer credit

51%
Szathmari M.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2008
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vol. 18
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issue 4
93-106
EN
This paper aims to show that as the form of consumer credit becomes more and more money-like, the inequality in getting credit becomes a more and more significant issue, just as the income inequality. Based on the relevant literature on banks' practice in evaluating credit applications, the author presents to ideal types which are related to either uncertainty or risk faced by banks during decision making. In situations of uncertainty, banks have to rely on judgmental (subjective) decision making which can result in severe discrimination. When facing a risk, credit scoring systems are developed, which grant or deny the loan based on the statistical analysis of the past behavior of individuals similar to the credit applicant. This method eliminates the subjectivity of the bank clerk, but it introduces statistical discrimination which can never be entirely eliminated. To reduce this kind of discrimination in Hungary the positive (full) data credit bureau - besides the existing negative list - has to be introduced.
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