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1

POVERTY AS AN ELEMENT OF A PEASANT'S SOCIAL POSITION AND IDENTITY

100%
Michalska S.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2005
|
issue 3(128)Supp
68-79
EN
Social and economic changes that are currently taking place in Poland result in the greater significance of consumer possibilities and their greater role in perceiving the position of individuals in the consumer society. In the world characterized by the over-production of goods and advertisements continually stimulating new needs the social function of individuals begins more and more often to boil down to the role of consumers. Particularly unfavourable in such a world is the situation of poor people who are not able to satisfy their needs. In Poland, rural areas traditionally constituted an environment where the incomes were lower and the conditions of living were harder. The specific ethos of work and values cherished by the inhabitants of rural areas made it possible to endure difficulties with dignity and ensured poor people a place in the social structure of their community. The progressing changes have weakened the traditional ties and altered the hierarchy of values also that of the rural population. The authoress of the article uses the results of research conducted in six rural communes to analyse changes in the rural population's attitude to the phenomena of poverty and wealth, and to present the opinions of the residents of rural areas about the causes of poverty and about their own standard of living.
2

Potential research directions in the sociology of consumption

100%
Hetesi E., Andics J., Veres Z.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2007
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vol. 17
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issue 3-4
115-134
EN
In the course of the history of sociology, the need of a new paradigm has emerged the 80s - the consumption orientation -, i.e. the conflict between the producer and the consumer became the new major conflict of contemporary society. At this time, the basic model of researches is the consumer society consisting of clusters of consuming micro-cultures. Typical research topics are: mode, body, consuming, and household economy. Publications of postmodem theoreticians (Lyotard, Jameson, Baudrillard) have given additional impulse. According to postmodem consumption sociology, subjects of consumption are not products or services, but the meaning they stand for. For the individuals of the postmodern society, consumption is the expression of social standing and individual well-being. Consumption as expression of taste enables to establish and retain social links. The most prominent representatives of consumption sociology are the British Cohn Campbell and the American George Ritzer. Regarding Hungarian sociology, some publications of Agnes Utasi and Elemer Hankiss can be listed here. While the sociology of consumption aims to model the structure of society by researching the consumption behavior; marketing describes consumption behavior to sociological variables (e.g. life style). The most well-known research models are EuroLifeStyle and Target Group Index. These have already been incorporated into corporate practices of marketing planning. We can expect further results from the combination of the two different research approaches.
3

Claude Lévi-Strauss v sociologii: Baudrillardova teorie společnosti konzumu

75%
Marsalek J.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
|
2009
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vol. 31
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issue 1
141-159
EN
Contrary to what is often thought, the structuralist approach has never been adopted in French sociology very extensively. When speaking about structuralism in this discipline, the work of Pierre Bourdieu is generally referred to. The present paper is intentionally heading in another direction and is questioning Levi-Straussian traces in Baudrillard's theory of the consumer society. First, Baudrillard acknowledges being in debt to Levi-Strauss for his conception of consumption as a language. In this perspective exchanged goods are understood as object-signs. We believe nevertheless that Baudrillard goes even further when he analyzes the phenomenon of absurd violence, bearing in mind - even he does not directly disclose it - Levi-Strauss' concept of 'free signifier'. All the same we finally conclude that Baudrillard's use of Levi-Strauss is rather cursory. Despite this fact it is of interest: Thus we follow Baudrillard's analysis and consider the problem of social criticism, which is one of the main topics of his writings here discussed.
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