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DEFENCELESSNESS AND INCENTIVE IN THE RELATION BETWEEN RETAIL CHAINS AND THEIR SUPPLIERS. A CAUSAL ANALYSIS FROM THE SUPPLIERS' POINT OF VIEW (Hungarian title - below)

100%
Czibik A., Mako A.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 4
359-378
EN
(Title in Hungarian - 'Kiszolgaltatottsag es osztonzo ero a kiskereskedelmi lancok es beszallitoik kapcsolataban. Oksagi elemzes beszallitoi szemszogbol'). The global concentration in retailing has left the large retail chains in a stronger bargaining position. They have more and more scope to draw up contracts with their suppliers that suit themselves. This can be observed in Hungary as well. At the same time, the impact of tough conditions on suppliers is not evident. Some have supposed that the situation prompts suppliers to raise their efficiency and eventually enhance their competitiveness. Others argue that some contracting routines - found in practice in Hungary, although forbidden by the Trade Act that came into force on June 1, 2006 - distort the competition among retail chains and curb the development opportunities for suppliers. The study examines the relations and contracting routine between large retail chains present in Hungary and their suppliers, using multiple-variable. The database is drawn from a questionnaire survey conducted in 2007 with 392 executives of producers and wholesalers in the food processing industry. The findings show that the buying muscle of the retail chains is faced more frequently by companies of a greater size with higher revenues and faster development. But it could not be verified by the survey results that suppliers are more inspired to innovate by retail chains than by other types of retail company.
2

Migration of innovation

86%
Bogel G.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2007
|
vol. 54
|
issue 9
821-836
EN
Technical development opens successive new opportunities for geographical reorganization of business activities, and market competition obliges business associations to avail themselves of these. Migration of manufacturing to countries where production costs are cheaper began decades ago. Relocation of R and D and innovation activity to developing countries is relatively recent and remains to a large extent unexploited potential. The trend is a specific consequence of the process hitherto, but raises many new questions and problems. The commercial potential in attracting innovation activity has given rise to multi-factoral competition among developing countries. Such geographical reorganization of these activities has effects on the economic policy of developed countries as well.
3

Modelling the migration of commercial bank clients

72%
Lubloy A., Szenes M.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2007
|
vol. 54
|
issue 10
915-934
EN
The study uses network theory to model the migration of commercial clients of banks. For want of real data, the authors begin by generating a network composed of the commercial clients on a banking market with several players. The interstices are the companies and each company's banking affiliation corresponds to an internal coordinator. The transactions among the companies - through the company's own bank or another bank - pass along the directed lines. At the centre of the examination based on the network generated stand the equilibrium properties of the bank-choice strategy and the phenomenon of client migration. The market equilibrium of the model - contrary to one of the main assertions of neo-classical equilibrium theory - is not clear in this model and several states of equilibrium may ensue. It was found while modelling the client migration that there is no newly migrated client in two-thirds of cases in the network of commercial clients. In the worst case, marked waves of migration occur. Finally, the authors seek to discover what topological features are typical of the key companies from the client migration point of view. It is found that the number of partners does not characterize in every case the key companies from the client migration point of view.
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