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EN
The study presents two special lines of cooperative theory - two basic lines of development in the American theory - and takes a new approach to examining the specific organizational and operational problems that the cooperative form presents. The method of analysis in the new institutional economics offers wide scope for analysing the cooperative and for further theoretical development of this specific form of organization. Using his methodology, it becomes possible to answer plainly several questions at issue, especially if the cooperative transformation of Hungary is considered..
EN
The conditions of creation and activities of the association 'Prosvita' in Galicia are investigated. A particular attention was paid to the 'Prosvita' activitiy aimed at improvement in peasants' farms management, which was backward in the Austro-Hungarian empire of that time. The valuable achievements of 'Prosvita' might be useful in the modern difficult conditions of formation of independent Ukraine.
EN
The next part (21) of the Cooperative Thought Library reminds for the second time personage of Francis Stefczyk, the author of unfinished publication devoted to the genesis and development of the Polish cooperatives from the earliest times to the present. Excerpts come from brochure published after Author's death: Francis Stefczyk, Origins and general development of cooperatives in Poland, Cooperative Institute for Research in Krakow, Krakow 1925.
EN
The next part of Co-Operative Thought Library (18) is dedicated to Father Stanislaw Adamski (1875-1967), a prominent social, political and co-operative activist, working in the period of the annexations and the Second Republic. In his opinion cooperative movement is a major factor for the social and economic development within a capitalist economy: it stimulates self-awareness of poorer social strata, awakens the spirit of enterprise, which ultimately should lead to the construction of middle-class in Poland and be an effective tool in combating forms of social and financial exclusion. The journal editor publishes excerpts of Stanislaw Adamski's brochure 'Cooperative movement in Poland and the significance and tasks of the Union of Cooperative Unions', Poznan, 1930.
EN
The next (24) part of Cooperative Thought Library reminds personage and opinions of Witold Lewicki (1859-1931), Galician lawyer, journalist and politician. His views concern the direction of development of Polish credit institutions and economic program, which should be based on values such as solidarity and cooperation. We publish excerpts from the Lewicki's book entitled Zagadnienie gospodarcze Galicyi, Lwow, 1914.
EN
The next section (22) of the Cooperative Thought Library is dedicated to the work of German economist with Polish origins, Willy Wygodzinski, author of a very interesting book “Cooperatives in Germany”. This book presents the genesis and development of various types of cooperatives in Germany in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Wygodzinski's work seems to be important due to the fact that it helps to understand the influence and significance of the German cooperatives for development of cooperatives in Poland. Extensive excerpts from: W. Wygodzinski, Das Genossenschaftswesen in Deutschland, Leipzig und Berlin 1911.
EN
The next part of the Co-Operative Thought Library (19) is devoted to the personage and attainments of Franciszek Stefczyk, a pioneer of Polish agricultural cooperatives, the creator of the savings and loans associations, modeled on the German Raiffeisen's associations. Stefczyk's views on the tasks and activities' field of financial cooperatives are illustrated basing on reprinted excerpts from the book (which appeared after the author's death): 'Traits and tasks of Stefczyk's associations', Warsaw 1927.
EN
Cooperatives are a kind of institutions which inside organization and method of work divides them from other kinds of establishments. It is difficult to give a clear and uniform definition of a cooperative enterprise. This is caused by cultural differences and existence of four schools of cooperative thought. There are seven values which underlie cooperative movement. This value structure allows cooperatives to gain their identity. Situation that was caused by the economic crisis proved that cooperatives are the best establishments when it comes to fight recession effects. They are kind of establishments which help people reduce poverty thanks to their original methods of work. Aside from financial help cooperatives can offer other types of support.
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EN
This paper presents a new paradigm of cooperative societies and the major changes that have occurred in the cooperative sector in Poland and abroad over the past 10 years. In addition, a discussion of the current challenges facing cooperatives. Development is a review. The data source was literature in the field of cooperatives and the report and the report prepared by experts from the National Cooperative Council. Analysis of the data indicates that the analyzed years, the number of cooperatives in Poland decreased by 2 361 entities. Change is the role of cooperatives – from a purely economic liability to the owners to multi-threaded, which owes its existence to various stakeholders. The world and European cooperatives noticeable are the two phenomena are: the concentration of their own potential and the creation of cooperatives in new areas of social and economic life.
EN
The next part of Co-Operative Thought Library (17) is dedicated to the role played in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, by the Jesuit order, in particular publishing house of Jesuit Priests in Kraków, which refered in addition to purely religious, also an important economic and social issues. One of them was creating a savings and loan Raiffeisen's system, which was instilled in Galicia by Francis Stefczyk. We recall No 8 of 'Catholic Votes', devoted to savings and loan associations of Raiffeisen's system, published in Kraków in 1901.
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