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1

PROFILE OF TEMPERAMENT AND STYLE OF COPING WITH STRESS IN A GROUP OF WOMEN AFTER MISCARRIAGE (Profil temperamentu i styl radzenia sobie ze stresem kobiet po przebytym poronieniu)

100%
Bylinka J.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
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2009
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vol. 20
63-77
EN
The aim of this research was to measure temperament traits, as a part of J.Strelau's (1998) Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT) and the styles of coping with stress, formulated by M.S. Endler and J.D.A. Parker (1990) in a group of women after miscarriage. The anonymous survey was carried out by patients of department of obstetrics and gynecology, as well as by volunteers from the internet forum dealing with the issue of miscarriage. The age range of women subjected to this research was between 24 and 37 years. The main research method was The Formal Characteristics of Behavior-Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI) by B. Zawadzki and J.Strelau and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) adapted by J. Strelau, A Jaworowska, K. Wrzesniewski i P. Szczepaniak. The results showed that women after miscarriage are less brisk, less persistent and more perseverative and emotionally reactive than women in the comparative group. Furthermore they achieve lower score in the task of oriented coping scale as well as higher score in the following scales: emotion oriented coping, avoidance coping and in the component of avoidance coping - distraction.
2

Basic hope as a world-view: an outline of a concept

100%
Trzebinski J., Zieba M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2004
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vol. 35
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issue 3
173-182
EN
After Erikson's (1963, 1964) conceptualization, a new theory of basic hope is proposed. Basic hope is considered a fundamental constituent of an individual's world view, mostly unconscious and learned very early. It consists of the belief in two characteristics of the world: its higher order and sense and its general positivity towards a human being. Basic Hope Inventory (BHI) was developed to measure the strength of basic hope. The first data indicates that basic hope correlates positively with adaptive reactions to personal loss and with constructive long-term consequences of it and that these correlations are independent from the impact of optimism and hope for success (Snyder, 1994). Basic hope seems to predict positive effects in psychotherapy, it correlates positively with well-being and negatively with anxiety, depression and psychosomatic symptoms.
3

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING IN RELATION TO THE PERSONALITY OF WOMEN - DOCTORS AND NURSES

100%
Ruiselova Z., Prokopcakova A., Kresanek J.
Studia Psychologica
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2007
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vol. 49
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issue 4
333-339
EN
The study concentrates on the quantitative and qualitative (content) analysis of counterfactual thinking (CT) in adult women (doctors - pediatricians - n = 25, mean age 35.8; nurses - n = 88, mean age 33.2 years) in the context of selected personality characteristics and ways of (effective) coping with difficult situations in everyday life. CT is studied with the method based on a standardized interview (10 questions), selected personality characteristics with the STPI questionnaire (Spielberger), and coping characteristics with LOQ (Antonovsky) and SM (Pearlin, Schooler) questionnaires. Our findings indicate a lower occurrence of CT associated with higher effectiveness of coping with difficult situations, with higher self-mastery and/or lower anxiety level. The qualitative analysis of demanding situations associated with CT indicates rather their non-specificity.
4

ADOLESCENT HEALTH BEHAVIOR IN THE LIGHT OF TWO SOCIAL COPING MECHANISMS

100%
Piko B., Keresztes N.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2007
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vol. 62
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issue 2
203-214
EN
Among the factors affecting adolescent health behaviors, coping mechanisms have a significant effect on decisions regarding health behaviors. In the frame of coping mechanisms, rational ways tend to go together with beneficial, whereas emotion-oriented ones tend to go together with unfavorable health behaviors. Social coping strategies, on the other hand, are well known to help develop health conscious behaviors. In their study, the authoresses analyzed adolescent health behaviors in the light of two social coping mechanisms, namely, the rational, emotional defensiveness (R/ED) scale and the need for harmony, altruism (NH/A) scale, developed by Spielberger. The data collection was going on among high school students living in Békés and Csongrád counties (aged between 14-21 years) by using a self-administered questionnaire (N = 548). Research findings support the role of coping mechanisms in relation to adolescent health behaviors; the rational ways of coping help prevent health risk behaviors, furthermore, the need for harmony as a coping, in addition to help prevent substance use, has a beneficial influence on health promoting behaviors.
5

SOME SITUATIONAL AND PERSONALITY DETERMINANTS OF COPING AMONG MANAGERS

100%
Hulin M., Lisa E.
Studia Psychologica
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2009
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vol. 51
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issue 2-3
215-229
EN
This study shows that in a sample of 168 managers coping exhibited certain interesting characteristics but also some expected ones. Compared with men, women tended to prefer more social support seeking (measured by CSI) as did also managers scoring high in extraversion (measured by GPTP); managers preferring thinking used less avoidant coping. Besides situation, appraisal situational context seems to be an important factor in choosing a particular coping strategy. The work context seemed to favour more problem solving strategies of coping while interpersonal context as well as stressors appraised as loss were related to more avoidant coping. Taken together, personal and situational factors explained 20-30% of the variability of three studied coping strategies.
6

MEANING IN LIFE AS A MODERATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED STRESS AND COPING

100%
Halama P., Bakosova K.
Studia Psychologica
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2009
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vol. 51
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issue 2-3
143-148
EN
The study focuses on the question whether the level of meaning in life acts as a moderator in the relationship between perceived stress and coping. The 204 university students in Slovakia (mean age 21.81 years) filled out the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983), Life Meaningfulness Scale (Halama, 2002) and COPE (Carver et al., 1989). Cluster analysis of coping strategies identified three clusters: adaptive, avoidant and emotion-based coping. Perceived stress correlated positively with avoidant and emotion-based coping. Meaning in life was found as a moderator between perceived stress and avoidant coping but not emotion-based coping. The authors concluded that meaning in life can serve as a buffer against negative consequences of stress for the ability to cope, especially through cognitive transformation of the stress situation in the process of appraisal.
7

OPTIMISM AND HEALTH

100%
Szondy M.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 4
617-636
EN
The paper studies the literature on the connection between optimism constructs (dispositional optimism, attributional optimism, unrealistic optimism, therapy-specific optimism) and physical health. Most of the reviewed studies find a positive connection between optimism and health indicators. The optimists have less symptoms measured both subjectively and objectively. Optimism is connected to better immune functions (with the exception of the presence of uncontrollable stressors) and a faster rate of recovery. Optimists live longer compared to less optimistic people. There are several factors influencing the positive connection between optimism and health. The optimists have less stressors, evaluate them differently and cope with them differently than pessimists. The level of optimism influences the health behaviour and sickness behaviour. Finally it is possible that a third variable, neuroticism, influences the connection between optimism and health. The article's view is critical and stresses the theoretical and methodological difficulties of the field.
8

ATTITUDE MODIFICATION AS WAY OF COPING WITH PROBLEMS (Modyfikacja postawy jako sposób radzenia sobie z problemami)

100%
Trebinska-Szumigraj E.
Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses
|
2009
|
vol. 10
225-242
EN
The paper presents a part of a research project on co-addiction in mothers conducted in 2006-2007. The aim of the analysis is to present their strategy of coping with these difficult experiences. The analysis has revealed that manners in which the mothers handle this long-term, painful life situation are highly individual and can be described as remedial strategies. The authoress singles out some of them but presents in detail only one, called the attitude modification (after D.W. Johnson and R.P. Matrosse, 1995), defining it as a mental and emotional process that shows in many emotional and mental activities, as well as in actions undertaken by the mothers in question. This process concerns several areas of life at the same time, with the following three singled out in the analyzed interviews: 1) attitude to own motherhood, 2) sense of separateness and the degree of mental emancipation from her adult child and, 3) attaining life wisdom. The main subject of changes is the ongoing process of transition from the state of helplessness to regaining inner balance. This transition is related to undertaking detailed actions, presented and interpreted in the paper as the methods of coping that eventually help mothers to modify one (or all) of the presented attitudes.
9

Coping after myocardial infarction. The mediational effects of positive and negative emotions

100%
Gruszczynska E., Kroemeke A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2009
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vol. 40
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issue 1
38-45
EN
The aim of the study was to examine mediational effects of positive and negative emotions (PEs and NEs) on the relationship between cognitive appraisal and coping after myocardial infarction (MI). Subjects were 163 patients assessed a few days after their first MI episode for cognitive appraisal using the Situation Appraisal Questionnaire developed by Wrzesniewski and based on the Lazarus theory. The participants' current emotional state and coping strategies were evaluated with Polish versions of the PANAS and CISS-S, respectively. The data were analyzed using the boostrapping procedure. Resultant models turned out to be similar for threat and loss appraisal, where PEs mediated task-oriented coping, while NEs were found to mediate emotion-oriented coping. A different relationship was found for challenge. Due to a significant intercorrelation among appraisals, mediational models for threat and loss were re-analyzed when controlling for challenge. Nevertheless, even if a situation is perceived as highly stressful, both positive and negative emotions can emerge, resulting in strategies that serve different functions to meet external and internal demands.
10

CHANGES IN COPING DURING ADOLESCENCE - POSSIBLE CONCEPTUALIZATIONS

100%
Kohoutek T., Mares J., Jezek S.
Studia Psychologica
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2009
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vol. 51
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issue 2-3
167-182
EN
Developmental research on coping assumes the observation not only of quantitative changes in the use of individual strategies or occurrence of various types of responses, but also the changes in the structure of coping. The present study focuses on the structure of coping and its changes during adolescence from a transactional approach; this is with a view to the interdependent relationship between stress and coping and to the mutual connections between the various responses to stress, given their parallel or sequential occurrence. The shifts that occur during adolescence are viewed in part from an analysis factor derived from a range of problems and responses, and in part through the help of structural models of the problems and the responses to them within two age groups. The data comes from 403 thirteen-year-old and 248 fifteen-year-old adolescents, longitudinally observed within the framework of the Czech part of the ELSPAC study.
11

SELF-ENHANCEMENT AND COPING: THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF POSITIVE ILLUSIONS

100%
Neckar J.
Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 55
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issue 4
299 – 310
EN
The relation between self-enhancement and psychological adjustment has been controversial and so far open to debate since the influential paper of Taylor and Brown (1988). In the current investigation the relationship between two measures of self-enhancement (narcissism and over-claiming) and coping (constructive thinking) in a sample of young, healthy adults (N = 168) was examined. The structural model showed an equally strong relation of self-enhancement to good and poor coping, thus confirming the hypothesis that self-enhancement has both adaptive and maladaptive effects. The different patterns of relations between two measures of self-enhancement and coping were also detected, which corroborates the idea that the controversy regarding the adaptive value of self-enhancement is to a large extent caused by different measures of self-enhancement.
12

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AS A COPING STRATEGY - COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS

100%
Ruiselova Z., Prokopcakova A., Kresanek J.
Studia Psychologica
|
2009
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2-3
237-249
EN
A study showed the occurrence and characteristics of counterfactual thinking (CT) in relation to sense of coherence (SOC), that expresses coping effectiveness, and in relation to anxiety and self-esteem. A configurable frequency analysis was used to determine types. The combination of high coping effectiveness (SOC) with CT (rarer, helpful in solving future problems, not saddening, not inhibiting future problem solving) was confirmed - as type 1, in which cognitive aspects of CT prevail. Type 2 represents lower SOC in combination with CT (frequent, saddening, not helpful, rather inhibiting the solving of future problems) - emotional aspects of CT prevail in this type. The combination of CT characteristics with anxiety introduced a single type: high anxiety, frequent CT, saddening CT and CT does not help future solutions, CT inhibits future solutions. Any distinct type regarding the relation between CT characteristics and self-esteem was observed. CT characteristics are also discussed in relation to Big Five factors describing personality.
13
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Resources and coping styles utilized by Warsaw adolescents

100%
Jelonkiewicz I.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2010
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vol. 41
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issue 1
8-19
EN
The aim of the study was to establish relationships between perceived psychosocial resources and styles of coping with stress utilized by adolescents. A total of 1326 students (aged 15-20, mean age 17.0 years) of 16 randomly selected secondary schools were examined using a set of self-report questionnaires. Personal resources (sense of coherence and optimism), environmental resources (family affluence, family strengths, support from parents, teachers and peers), and styles of coping with stress were measured. Two groups differing significantly in their perceived resources were distinguished. The group with high resources (HR) consisted of 502, while the low-resource group (LR) - of 570 adolescents. The level of perceived resources (high vs. low) turned out to be associated with utilization of specific coping styles. High-resource adolescents as compared to their low-resource counterparts more often utilized task-oriented coping and seeking interpersonal contacts, at the same time less often using emotion- and distraction-oriented coping styles.
14

Coping with historical tasks: The role of historical novels in transmitting psychological patterns of national identity

100%
Vincze O., Laszlo J.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2004
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vol. 59
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issue 3
397-410
EN
Historical novels represent a special field of socialization (Burke, 1945; Bettelheim, 1975). Most historical novels attract their readers not by aesthetic sophistication and excellence, but by providing a playground for experiencing the history. These novels not only introduce readers into the art of reading but also transmit the cultural patterns of national identity. We have analysed the most successful Hungarian historical novels with the aim of uncovering what they offer for identification and the mechanisms how they do it. The third ranking novel in the success list is the 'Golden age of Transylvania' written by Mór Jókai. The present study aims at providing an analysis of the coping strategies for revealing the patterns of coping that this novel offers for identification. We identified the threats to the identities of the main characters throughout the novel, and assessed the coping strategies that they employed. We also defined the outcome or efficacy of each coping effort. Thus, from the conflict-matrix of the group relations and interpersonal relations and the coping-matrix of the characters we get a picture on the model of coping projected by the novel. Several coping strategies unfold in the novel. It is noteworthy that as opposed to 'heroic historism', the novel presents neither confrontation nor instrumentalism as efficient coping strategies. It makes the negotiated compliance and other coping strategies of pragmatism the most efficient and attractive.
15

TEST ANXIETY, ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND COPING BEHAVIOUR AMONG CANDIDATES ASPIRING FOR THE CIVIL SERVICE

88%
Sud A., Monga D.
Studia Psychologica
|
2009
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vol. 51
|
issue 2-3
207-213
EN
A total of 100 candidates (equal number of males and females) aspiring for civil services were selected. The result of correlation analysis revealed that test anxiety, worry and emotionality are positively related to self-distraction and behaviour disengagement aspects of problem-focused coping as well as denial, religion, and self-blame aspects of emotion-focused coping. The test anxiety and worry are significantly related to venting, and emotionality alone is positively and significantly related to the use of emotional support aspect of emotion-focused coping and the use of instrumental support aspect of problem-focused coping. Achievement motivation has been found to be significantly and negatively related only to the humor aspect of emotion-focused coping. Relevant discussion has been presented.
16

PERCEIVED CONTROL, COPING AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO MOOD IN A GREEK RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS POPULATION

88%
Vassilaki E., Roussi P., Moschandreas J., Kritikos I.
Studia Psychologica
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2008
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vol. 50
|
issue 1
95-107
EN
This study examined the relationship between the patterns of control, coping and mood in a Greek sample of the rheumatoid arthritis patients. We measured perceptions of control and coping regarding two different aspects of the disease, the course of illness and its daily symptoms. We hypothesized that a flexible pattern of perceiving control and of coping (i.e., accurate appraisal of the controllability of the different aspects of the stressor and employment of active coping with the changeable aspects of the stressor and emotion-focused coping with the unchangeable aspects of the stressor) would be negatively related to negative mood and positively related to positive mood. We found that control over the symptoms (compensatory) was related to positive mood and negatively related to negative mood and that seeking social support and venting of the emotions were related to negative mood. In addition, the participants characterized by 1) high emotion-focused engagement coping with both the course of illness and its symptoms, low active coping, low perceptions of primary control and a trend indicating high compensatory control, or 2) patterns of high perceptions of primary control, active coping and emotion-focused engagement coping experienced higher positive mood and lower negative mood than participants that were characterized by high active coping and involuntary emotion-focused engagement coping.
17

Resource loss, coping, alcohol expectancies and drinking in students

88%
Losiak W.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2008
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vol. 39
|
issue 3
149-153
EN
The aim of the study was to find relationships between resource loss treated as a stress indicator, coping, alcohol expectancies and drinking in college students. Results of a group of 125 first and second year students showed that there was a strong relationship between alcohol consumption and expectancies connected with alcohol. Some coping forms were also related to drinking but no relationship was found for resource loss.
18

CHANGES IN PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF COPING WITH LOAD SITUATIONS

88%
Bratska M.
Studia Psychologica
|
2009
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2-3
251-258
EN
The aim of the research study is to introduce partial results from a study of counterfactual thinking and changes in the personality dimensions of female university students before and after participating in a socio-psychological training (SPT) course that focused on constructive solutions and coping with real load situations. After the SPT, statistically lower neuroticism (N), significantly higher extraversion (E) and statistically significant difference in sub-dimension happiness in meaningfulness (ME) were shown. After completing the training, participants usually understand problems as a challenge, enjoy possibilities and their own initiative more appreciate creative problem solving, see a possibility to influence the course of action and want to create mutual cooperation. SPT revealed the functionality and correctness of counterfactual thinking.
19

RELIGIOUS MEANING AND CONTROL IN THE MIDST OF CANCER

75%
Ladd K. L.
Studia Psychologica
|
2013
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vol. 55
|
issue 3
169 – 179
EN
The interrelated processes of finding meaning and making control attributions are examined among cancer patients (N = 168) for whom religion is either a non-central (a-schematics, n = 55) or central (schematics, n = 76) aspect in their self-definitions. Various quality of life indices display complex relations to the prediction of the individual’s level of reported experience of finding meaning and control attributions, depending upon schematicity. No single unifying factor is discerned concerning how the two groups experience meaning; initial perceptions of threat appear to be a common theme in relation to how they attribute control. Additionally, a-schematics, as opposed to schematics, report less improvement in their relationships with family and friends as well as less confidence in how they have personally coped with the cancer related experience.
20

INFLUENCE OF THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY APPRAISALS, AND OF THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS, ON THE CHOICE OF COPING STRATEGIES: A STUDY BASED ON DAILY STRESS

75%
Ferrer I., Fernández-Castro J., Edo S., Rovira T.
Studia Psychologica
|
2021
|
vol. 63
|
issue 3
266 – 278
EN
The objective of this study was to assess the choice of coping strategies in relation to daily stress, taking into account the influence of the primary and secondary appraisals and the Big Five traits of personality. Over 10 days, a cohort of 122 individuals filled out an online diary in which they recorded the most important stressful event each day, their primary and secondary appraisals of this, and how they chose to cope with it. The results indicate that problem-focused coping depends on the strong primary and secondary appraisals, and on extraversion, whereas emotion-focused coping depends on a strong secondary appraisal and on extraversion. Social support seeking depends on strong primary and secondary appraisal, and on extraversion, openness and neuroticism. Refusal to seek support is associated with a strong primary appraisal, a weak secondary appraisal and a low level of conscientiousness. The conclusions are that momentary appraisals have a stronger predictive capacity than the personality traits, and that different coping strategies are not mutually incompatible.
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