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1

CORDED WARE CULTURE (CWC) SETTLEMENTS ON CENTRAL EUROPEAN UPLANDS

100%
Witkowska B.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2006
|
vol. 58
21-101
EN
The article is a juxtaposition of the published data which covers 66 seasonal camps and small settlement remains of the Corded Ware population from the area of south Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Czech Republic and Slovakia. Data which comes from the analysis of the artifacts, mainly ceramic materials, discovered at settlements were compared with the conclusions made according to furniture of graves. On this basis chronological division was made: settlement sites were divided into three phases. Further conclusion was the model of Corded Ware settlement development, essential part of which constitute economy issues. The author points out specific relation between settlement sites and cemeteries CWC; also the important role of the pottery ornamented with cord along with Short - Wave Moulding in the aspects of CWC settlements sites.
2

Absolute Chronology of the Corded Ware Culture in South-Eastern Poland and Ukraine

80%
Jarosz P., Wlodarczyk P.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2007
|
vol. 55
71-55
EN
Altogether 17 radiocarbon results referring to the Corded Ware culture were obtained. The selection of samples determined the good quality of the dated material from the Late Neolithic graves (mainly human bones). The new series aimed to verify previous establishments including dating of the cemetery in Zerniki Górne in particular. Four important results were obtained from central barrow graves. New dates verify the absolute chronology of the Corded Ware culture in south-eastern Poland. The beginning of the CWC settlement fell probably on years 2800-2700 BC. The final stage should be referred to ca. 2300 BC.
3

GRAVES OF THE CORDED WARE CULTURE AT THE MULTICULTURAL SITE 6 IN PELCZYSKA, DISTRICT OF PINCZOW

80%
Rudnicki M., Wlodarczak P.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2007
|
vol. 59
219-266
EN
Five graves of Corded Ware culture at Pelczyska were discovered during excavations carried out by an expedition from the Institute of Archaeology at the Warsaw University, headed by Marcin Rudnicki. The features have yielded inventory typical of Corded Ware finds from western Malopolska. On the basis of the grave goods, features 21/2004, 32/2002 and 50/2002 should be linked with phase II (or perhaps subphase IIIA) of the mentioned culture, i.e. with the older period of the Krakow-Sandomierz group. Features 50/2004 and 54/2004, containing flowerpot-shaped beakers, seem to be related to the younger horizon of this group. The arrangement of the niche graves suggests that they surrounded a circular mound (which wasn't discovered). Site 6 in Pelczyska proves to be of much interest, due both to its stratigraphic arrangement and its grave inventories.
4

ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF THE BARROW IN KOLOSY (Chronologia absolutna kurhanu w Kolosach)

80%
Wlodarczak P.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2008
|
vol. 60
151-168
EN
The Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory has made 2 radiocarbon dating measurements for graves 2 and 3 from Barrow I in Kolosy, district of Kazimierza Wielka. Human bones from these graves were selected for the radiocarbon dating as 'materials representing the Corded Ware culture' (CWC). However, the measurements placed the bones in the Funnel Beaker culture (FBC) instead. The new dating has provided a pretext for reconsidering the stratigraphical situation of the burial mound in Kolosy. There are also other reasons to link Graves 2 and 3 to the FBC and to assume that the mound was built as early as in the 4th millennium BC. The most important of these reasons are the constructions of graves and the position of the skeletons. If Graves 2 and 3 are correctly linked to the FBC, no CWC feature has been discovered under the mound in Kolosy. The presence of a FBC barrow in Kolosy may be regarded as probable. Nevertheless, another possibility should be taken into account: radiocarbon dated Graves 2 and 3 could have been a part (or perhaps the 'whole') of a flat FBC cemetery that was accidentally covered later with a CWC embankment. The central barrow grave would then have been entirely destroyed by the modern digs. Such a development, though less convincing, is also possible.
5

RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY OF CORDED WARE CULTURE IN THE LIGHT OF DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL DATINGS OF LATE NEOLITHIC LAKE DWELLINGS IN SWITZERLAND

80%
Wlodarczak P.
Archeologia Polski
|
2007
|
vol. 52
|
issue 1-2
35-80
EN
The radiocarbon dating is the main way of determining the absolute age of Corded Ware Culture (CWC). The dominating models based on calibrated dating characterized by considerably differing interpretations due to the diverse approaches to the calibration and sample quality. The character of the calibration curve sets considerable limitations on the precise determination of calendar age. Precise age determination is sometimes impossible within a range of hundreds of years. The origins of CWC settlement, defined most often as between 2900 and 2750 B.C., falls in the time of an exceptionally vast flattening of the curve (2880-2580 B.C.). The choice of particular dates in this three-hundred-year range is the effect of an archaeologist's estimate without grounds in radiocarbon dating. The last resort for precising of the age of the oldest phase of CWC is - dendrochronological dating. Summing up, the main characteristics of the dendrochronological model include: 1. short duration of CWC (ca. 300 years); 2. a disjunctiveness of the said culture from the age of older and younger culture groups; 3. dated ceramic assemblages reveal both an enduring tradition of chosen older ceramic types and a fast pace of stylistic changes. Three clear stylistic phases are in evidence. On the other hand, the CWC chronology based on radiocarbon dates is characterized by: 1. long duration of the culture; 2. long spans of contemporaneous existence of CWC settlement and other Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cultures; 3. with regard to the ceramic assemblages, a frequently observed 'longevity' of examined stylistic types. The scale of the listed differences forces one to consider the possibility of two such separate realities. The quality and accuracy of the data call for greater credibility being granted to the dendrochronological datings and for comparing other areas to it. However, an automatic transfer of the cultural-chronological situation from one area to all the others is impossible for obvious reasons. Nonetheless, supraregional stylistic trends, characteristic of a 'pan-European horizon', for example, can be dated similarly with considerable likelihood. On the other hand, all the late local CWC groups, which also do not reveal in artefact typology any connections with Swiss territory, cannot be reliably synchronized by the radiocarbon method. It cannot be assumed in advance that the decline of CWC style occurred at a similar time in all of the areas. The chronologies based on separate dating systems feature one other fundamental difference. The dendrochronological model for the subalpine regions contains numerous time gaps between the settlement of particular cultural groups in specific territories. The nature of potential settlement is questioned for periods for which there are no dated records. The less precise 14C datings give rise to models assuming the longevity and connection between the settlement cultural units. There are no time gaps potentially existing between the age of finds to be observed based on a 14C chronology. The separate dating methods implicate a different approach and remains uncertainty caused by the possibility of such deep differences of the chronological-cultural model existing in reality. The solution is obtaining material for dendrochronological studies from central and northern Europe. 14 Figures.
6

THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SKELETONS FROM TOMB NO. 2 IN MALZYCE.

80%
Szczepanek A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2009
|
vol. 61
233-242
EN
The article presents the anthropological description skeletons of the Funnel Beaker Culture and the Corded Ware Culture inhabitants that were discovered in the tomb no. 2 on the site in Malzyce. The preserved fragments of skeletons allow to assess that in the grave 1 there was buried 2 individuals: female in the 'adultus' age and an adult individual. The location and arrangement of bones show that the woman was buried in the south part of pit and the adult individual in the northern part of it. In the grave 3 the preserved fragments of skeletons allow to assess that the grave contained remains of 2 individuals placed to the pit antipodally. In the west part of the grave was buried individual in the age 'adultus' whereas the individual in the age 'maturus' was located head to the east part of feature. The anthropological interpretation of skeleton buried in grave 4 was possible only during excavations. Sex and age of the individual were not determined. In the grave 10 the skeleton was laid on the bottom of the niche, deposited on its back, orientated NW-SE. The preserved elements of the skeleton show that remnants belonged to a male in age at death 'maturus' (40-45 years) and stature 177,6 cm. The discovered in grave 11 skeleton was deposited orientated along N-S axis, on right side head to the south. On the basis of preserved teeth and fragments of bones it was possible to determine that it was a child in the age at death 'infans' I (1-1,5 years), sex was not determined. The skeleton in grave 12 was laid on its back with the head and legs tilted to the left. The body was N-S orientated, with the head placed to the north. On the basis of dental development and preserved elements of postcranial skeleton it could be determined that it was the individual in the age at death 'infans' II (11-12 years).
7

WORKSHOP OF FINAL PROCESSING AND REPARATION OF RECTANGULAR AXES ON SITE 34 IN NIEDZWIADA, ROPCZYCE COMMUNE, PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIP

80%
Mitura P.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2007
|
vol. 59
305-324
EN
The article concerns the problem of the final stage (trimming and probably polishing) of rectangular axes production. It is the first site of that type located in a distance of 75 km from raw material outcrops, where pre-shaping and forming axes were being carried out. Similar workshops in southeastern Poland are located in a close vicinity of raw material deposits. Archaeological material suggests cultural affiliation of it with the Corded Ware culture.
8

SKELETON BURIALS OF CORDED WARE CULTURE AT TRENCIN IN SLOVAKIA

80%
Cheben I.
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
|
2005
|
vol. 40
27-37
EN
Recent excavation work at the Lusatian cemetery at Trencin (Záhumnie) exposed two skeletons with inventory typical of the Corded Ware culture. One of them belonged to a man (No. 424), the other to a dog (No. 440). It is not clear whether the two were buried in the same grave. That seems probable although no good evidence could be found to support it, nor could the outline of the pit be traced. As any evidence of the presence of Corded Ware people in Slovakia is extremely rare, the two burials offer the first direct proof of contacts between the local population (the Bosáca group) and the bearers of Corded Ware culture. The latter may have found their way to Western Slovakia through the passes of the White Carpathian Mountains and Moravia.
9

An Anthropological Analysis of Skeletons from the Graves of the Corded Ware Culture from Mistrzejowice

80%
Szczepanek A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2011
|
vol. 63
277-284
EN
The article presents the anthropological description skeletons of the Corded Ware Culture inhabitants that were discovered in Mistrzejowice. The preserved fragments of skeletons allow to assess that in the feature 29 there was buried an individual at the age at death of adultus-maturus, the sex was not established. The human remains that were found in the feature 125 belonged to a man at the age at death of adultus (25-30 years old) with intra vitam body height of 165-166 cm.
10

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL AND RADIOCARBON DATES. AN EXAMPLE OF CORDED WARE CULTURE. ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURE VERSUS CHRONOLOGY (Archeologiczna interpretacja dat dendrochronologicznych i radioweglowych ...)

80%
Wlodarczak P.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2008
|
vol. 60
103-128
EN
In the last 50 years, studies on the chronology of Neolithic cultures were dominated by the method of radiocarbon dating. The correctness of the chronological models based on this method can nowadays be verified only by means of the dendrochronology. This is possible for the finds from Switzerland, and also partly for those from southern Germany. These problems are discussed in this paper, by way of example of the Corded Ware culture (CWC) - one of the main Neolithic cultures in Central Europe. As a model territory for the analysis, the region of Zurich was chosen, namely the palafitte sites on the lakes: Zurich, Greifen and Pfäffiker. The period of development of the culture under discussion falls between ca 350-300 years (maximum from ca 2750 to 2400 BC).In comparison to Switzerland, the situation on the territories dated by means of the radiocarbon method looks different. The chronological models are characterised by a longer period of the CWC's existence and by the synchronicity of various cultural phenomena. In effect, two compared methods of dating resulted in emerging different points of view on the course of cultural processes. In the case of dendrochronological dating, looking upon archaeological cultures as competitive models was almost mechanically abandoned. Their distinctive attributes, which include mostly pottery, have become significant markers of particular chronology. At the same time, their role in determining distinct human groups, e.g. of ethnical character, has become less stressed.
11

The Corded Ware culture cemetery in Kraków-Mistrzejowice

80%
Jarosz P., Mianowska I.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2011
|
vol. 63
241-276
EN
During the rescue archaeological works carried out on a multicultural site No 85 in Krakow Mistrzejowice, 6 graves of the Corded Ware Culture were discovered. All these graves were considerably damaged, three of them had the niche construction. Human remains ware preserved only in two features (No 29 and 125). Discovered grave goods allow to connect these burials with Krakow-Sandomierz Corded Ware group and date them to phase IIIb of its development in Malopolska Upland.
12

ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN REMAINS OF THE CORDED WARE CULTURE MULTICULTURAL GRAVE SITE NR 6 IN PELCZYSKA, ZLOTA COMMUNE, PINCZOW DISTRICT

70%
Stanaszek L. M.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2007
|
vol. 59
267-292
EN
The analyzed skeletal bones of the Corded Ware Culture were unearthed by Marcin Rudnicki during surveys at the site nr 6 in Pelczyska, between 2002 and 2004. The material was examined in accordance with the applicable anthropological standards and anatomic bone descriptions. The age of the deceased at the moment of death was established upon a complex, multi-feature analysis of changes that occurred in individual morphological features of bones and teeth. After having combined the bones from the studied complexes the remains of eight individuals were given anthropological description. Half of individuals had deceased in their mature age (adultus-maturus), while the children in their early childhood (infans I). As far as the mature individuals are concerned, two sets of the bone remains indicated the presence of men, whereas the remaining two were of typically female character. Due to the not entirely completed development processes, and consequently, morphological ambiguity of the bones, the sex of the infants was not established.
13

GRAVE OF THE CORDED WARE CULTURE FROM BRZEZIE, SITE 17, WIELICZKA DISTRICT

70%
Czekaj-Zastawny A., Jarosz P.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2007
|
vol. 59
293-304
EN
Site 17 at Brzezie locates in the source area of the Tusznica Creek, the left-hand tributary of the Raba River. In years 2000-2006, prior to the construction of Freeway A4 (the Cracow-Tarnow section), the site was subjected to wide-area rescue excavations. The excavations of 5.5 hectares revealed 2653 structures related to several culture of the Neolithic Period (the Linear Pottery, the Malice, the Baden and the Corded Ware cultures) and the Bronze Age (the Mierzanowice and Lusatian cultures). Discovered CWC burial remains were located in the uppermost are of the site. The survived part of the grave suggest it had a rectangular outline, width about op 140 cm and length 220 cm, orientated E-W, with deviation to S. In the northeastern corner of the pit there was found a damaged beaker, while in the southeastern corner a flint axe. Despite the damage state the vessel from Brzezie can be referred to an 'Old Corded' beaker. Rectangular axe found in the grave is compatible in shape and size with CWC axes. CWC grave from Brzezie, most probably originally covered by a barrow, is the fourth find of this kind between the rivers of Raba and Vistula.
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