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1

The citizen and globalisation

100%

Markiewicz B. A.

Civitas. Studia z filozofii polityki (Civitas. Studies on politics philosophy)

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2007

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issue 10

191-203

EN

The placing of the concept 'citizen' in the context of globalisation makes it possible to approach it using the category of 'cosmopolitism' and the related dispute between the advocates of 'pluralism' and those of 'hegemony'. In the debates on cosmopolitism, the transition from the classic concept of 'citizen' to that of 'citizen of the world', or cosmopolite, is generally regarded as something obvious, just as is its territorial extension. The concept of the citizen thus becomes transcendental and virtual. Usually its Greek roots are pointed to, as 'cosmo-polites'\ is derived from the word osmos', an ordered world, the universe and 'polites', a citizen. The historians of concepts are, however, right to point out that in its original form, that is, among the cynics and the stoics, the word 'cosmopolites' was understood in a philosophical and moral rather than in a political sense. It was a deliberate rejection of 'polis' as a specific place and a specific political order, in favour of a universal space and natural law. Humans, as inhabitants of the universe, are subject only to the authority of the world-penetrating 'logos', the principles and laws with which they were able to become acquainted by applying their own rationality; this very capability was an obligation to observe those principles and laws and to comply with them. Because of its very nature, the concept of a 'cosmopolite' is thus apolitical, or, in other word, not uncitizen-like.

2

AKTIVNÍ HRANICE A EVROPEIZACE VEŘEJNÉ SFÉRY. JAK „STEJNÝ“ MŮŽE BÝT I „JINÝ“ A NAOPAK

88%

Müller K. B.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2014

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vol. 46

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issue 4

412 – 433

EN

This paper suggests that Europeans need to treat both territorial and symbolic borders as specific cultural forms which enable to exercise and practise cross border communication. Such communication should allow for a better understanding of differences rather than constructing and perpetuating them. The notion of active border is introduced as a nexus of the Europeanization of public spheres and identities. Active border is interpreted as a border which supports and produces both public criticism and social integration without generating antagonism towards those from “over borders”. Contrary to active border, passive border entrenches stereotypical negative identities, cognitive foreclosures, and creates a significant hindrance in positive identities formation. The concept of active border contributes to the broad sociological context of Europeanization and trans/national public spheres and identities formations in which questions about cultural change and plurality should be discussed and in which the concept of active border offers the novel interpretative perspective. Among others, the paper draws inspiration from Edwards Shils’ typology of collective identities, Erik Erikson’s concept of identity formation, Gerard Delanty typology of cultural encounters.

3

Czy istnieje socjologia polska?

63%

Sztompka P.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2011

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issue 2(201)

43-54

EN

Sociology is a hybrid discipline: partly science and partly art. As long as it is science, it does not have local but only universal standards of empirical research and theory building. Three social processes: globalization, internationalization, and democratization lead also to the uniformization of the agenda of problems, institutional forms of inquiry, and freedoms of publication. Thus national sociology is any good only if it observes these universal standards and enters the global circulation of ideas. But then it is no longer national in any reasonable sense. On the other hand the national roots of sociologists, their biographic experiences are important for shaping their research interests and problem focus at the heuristic stage. In this respect sociology resembles art. Thus: there is no national sociology, but at most sociology heuristically inspired by local roots of sociologists.

PL

Socjologia jest dziedziną myśli usytuowaną pomiędzy nauką (w ścisłym sensie „science”) a humanistyką i sztuką. W nauce sensu stricto o narodowości dyscyplin nie mówi się, natomiast w sztuce narodowe korzenie są istotne. W socjologii, ze względu na jej hybrydo- wy status, narodowa kwalifikacja ma bardzo ograniczony charakter. Co więcej, odróżnianie socjologii narodowych traci powoli sens w epoce trzech wielkich procesów historycznych: globalizacji społeczeństwa, internacjonalizacji nauki oraz demokratyzacji i liberalizacji polityki. Autor wyróżnia trzynaście znaczeń, które mogą być wiązane z określeniem „socjologia polska” i argumentuje, że wszystkie są albo trywialne, albo nieuprawnione. Jedynie zasadny jest sens czternasty: „Socjologia z polskich korzeni”, genealogicznie czy heurystycznie związana z polską historią, kulturą, polityką, doświadczeniami życia codziennego. Ale jej wartość zależy od tego, czy potrafi przetworzyć te partykularne inspiracje w uniwersalną wiedzą o mechanizmach i prawidłowościach życia społecznego. „Socjologia o Polsce” czy „Socjologia dla Polski” to albo studia regionalne, albo polityka społeczna, a nie socjologia. Sukces socjologii polskiej będzie tym większy, im mniej będzie prowincjonalnie polska.

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1 Civitas. Studia z filozofii polityki (Civitas. Studies on politics philosophy)

1 Sociológia (Sociology)

1 Studia Socjologiczne

1 Markiewicz B. A.

1 Müller K. B.

1 Sztompka P.

1 2014

1 2011

1 2007

The citizen and globalisation

AKTIVNÍ HRANICE A EVROPEIZACE VEŘEJNÉ SFÉRY. JAK „STEJNÝ“ MŮŽE BÝT I „JINÝ“ A NAOPAK

Czy istnieje socjologia polska?