Search results - CEJSH

1

Comparative analysis of Poland and selected countries in terms of household financial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Waliszewski K., Warchlewska A.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2021

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vol. 16

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issue 3

577-615

EN

Research background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the reduction in income or the total loss of jobs have affected the financial behaviour of consumers worldwide. Managing the budget in times of turbulence and crisis has posed a challenge for households. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to determine to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the financial behaviour of the inhabitants of various countries and how Poland has stood out from the rest. Methods: Due to the orderly nature of the questions analysed, non-parametric tests were used in the analysis. The distribution of current expenditure in comparison with the period before the pandemic was analysed, as well as the results of comparative analyses with Mann-Whitney U tests for comparison of Poland with Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France (974), Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the USA. A study was carried out on the relationship between planning for the future, having debts and savings and financial behaviour after the COVID-19 pandemic and the metric variables in the group of Poles via Chi square and a series of ? Kendall?s tests. Findings & value added: There has been a fall in expenditure compared to the period before the pandemic, which may explain the lack of opportunities to spend money, the fall in revenue and the freezing of expenditure for fear of an uncertain future. There has also been a change in the way payments are made. Payment cards and purchases made over the Internet are increasingly popular. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers are trying to save more, but not everyone can afford to do so. Long-term value added of this paper is analysis of change in the model of financial behavior of households under the shock of the pandemic in international comparisons of the analysed countries.

2

Comparison of the accuracy of forecasts based on neural networks before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic on the example of selected exchange rates

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Morkowski J.

Przegląd Statystyczny

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2022

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vol. 69

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issue 4

41-60

EN

This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the accuracy of forecasts for three currency pairs before and after its outbreak based on neural networks (ELM, MLP and LSTM) in terms of three factors: the forecast horizon, hyper parameterisation and network type.

3

The University’s Social Responsibility During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study

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Zrałek M., Kaczmarczyk M.

Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance

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2020

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issue 3(53)

18-32

EN

Objectives: The Law on Higher Education and Science as well as the Universities’ Declaration of Social Responsibility promotes the application of the principles of social responsibility in all areas of universities’ activity. These rules are of particular importance during the pandemic, when the crucial fields of universities’ functions are at risk. The article aims at evaluating the actions that the Humanitas University in Sosnowiec has taken during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The adaptation of these activities to the COVID-19 crisis determines the ability to adjust to the challenges of the environment in which the University operates. In the longer term, it also contributes to how the stakeholders assess the extent to which the University implements the idea of social responsibility. Research Design & Methods: This article applies a case-study method. It covers the analysis and synthesis of the activities undertaken by the Humanitas University in Sosnowiec within the researched period. Collecting information employed the analysis of the University’s website, document analysis, survey, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. Findings: The conducted analyses revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant limitations made it possible to develop new forms of crisis management at the University. Internal and external stakeholders have adapted to this new organisational situation. The inclusion of social responsibility rules into the functioning of the University enabled it to preserve its values in both internal and external relations. Implications / Recommendations: The University has implemented the developed recommendations. This allowed the University to proceed with teaching and maintain actions directed to its socio-economic environment, all of which happened with the use of the University’s social responsibility principles. Thus, these solutions can serve as a model for other universities facing disruptions deriving from crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Contribution / Value Added: Our research outcomes contribute to the development of management-related knowledge on how to deal with a crisis in higher education. We identify a significant source of the added value in the considerations on how the implementation of social responsibility rules might protect a university against the unexpected and sudden distortions in its global environment.

4

Międzypokoleniowe zróżnicowania w doświadczaniu konsekwencji pandemii COVID-19

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Barczykowska A., Pawełek K.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2021

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issue 62

7-48

EN

The aim of the article is to present the characteristics of modern generations (Builders, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials – Generations Y, Z and Alpha) and their divergent experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology involved a review and critical analysis of Polish and English literature of the subject and available reports. The analyses indicate that each generation, to varying degrees, has faced the problem of coping with losses in behavioral, biological, psychosocial, and material terms.

5

Raporty i rekomendacje Monachijskich Konferencji Bezpieczeństwa po 2020 r.

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Kruk A.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2022

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issue 4 (385)

97-114

EN

The article analyzes the following issues which were presented during the Munich Security Conferences after 2020: the problem of the perception of the position of the West and the transatlantic world, the discourse on confrontation and cooperation in the transatlantic world, and the topic of risk assessment related to the evolution of global threats,. It was hypothesized that the reports analyzed in Munich reflect the sense of insecurity caused by current crises and the diagnosed risk, e.g. resulting from a global pandemic, and are presented on a forum that is an important (albeit not very effective) tool for conducting international policy by states and other international entities. A further hypothesis states that Germany uses the Munich International Conferences as an arena for presenting and promoting foreign policy directions. From among the challenges discussed in the agenda of the Munich conferences, two case studies were selected: responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian- Ukrainian crisis. Considerable attention has been paid to the political and intellectual discourse regarding the latter crisis. The article uses the method of comparative analysis, conducted according to the successive stages of description and interpretation of the impact of the COVID pandemic on internal and international relations, taking into account both the neoliberal paradigm and neorealism.

6

Comparative analysis of patients’ satisfaction level, hospitalized before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Wójcik R., Adam A., Golonka E.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2022

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issue 3

355-363

EN

Introduction and aim. Measurement of the satisfaction level with health services is the most frequently used indicator, mainly because of its importance for determining the quality of the care offered. It is the key to succeed in achieving high-quality healthcare. The purpose of this study was to create a retrospective comparative analysis of the satisfaction level amongst patients hospitalized before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study covered a total of 966 patients in 19 hospital wards, in the fourth quarter of 2019 (before the pandemic) and in the second quarter of 2021 (during the pandemic) at the Masovian Specialist Hospital in Radom. The level of patient satisfaction was assessed based on the questionnaire prepared and approved by the Quality Assurance Team in the Masovian Specialist Hospital. The statistical analysis was carried out on the basis of the STATISTICA 10.1 program, using the Pearson’s chi square test, for the significance level at p<0.05. Results. The high level of satisfaction of patients staying in the hospital during the pandemic applied to the widely understood medical and nursing care as well as sanitary conditions in wards, especially the cleanness of rooms, bed linens and sanitary facilities. Conclusion. The biggest dissatisfaction of hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic involved certain restrictions of visitations and using pastoral services

7

Using electronic registries to study the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences

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Puhachova M., Gladun O.

Statistics in Transition new series

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2023

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vol. 24

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issue 1

277-294

EN

The article analyses systems of electronic information resources (registers and databases) in the field of the healthcare in different countries. Not only do such systems provide information to support the treatment of patients, but they also accumulate large amounts of statistics, thus enabling their qualitative operational analysis. Electronic health systems are particularly popular in the United States, and as regards Europe, in Denmark and Norway. These countries created good conditions for the efficient introduction of new electronic information resources that would store all the accumulated information about the COVID- 19 pandemic. The aim of the article is to summarise information on the use of electronic registers and databases to create an information base for the study of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences in different countries, and to formulate proposals for the improvement of electronic health systems in Ukraine. On the basis of the results of their research, the authors propose a list of electronic registers that can significantly improve the analysis of both the course and the consequences of the coronavirus disease. The list includes: the register of immunisations, a specialised register of complications after the recovery from COVID-19, a register of tests for the presence of this disease or the recovery, etc., as well as a register of hospitalisation cases.

8

Gaps in online education in the times of a pandemic in the opinion of polish and kenyan students

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Babicka-Wirkus A., Cywiński A., Muoki Joshua S., Walat W.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2021

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vol. 22

183-195

EN

The authors aim to answer the research question: ‘What do you miss most about online education?’. The rationale for the research is that this form of education is likely to continue to be used. Referring to the quality strategy, the authors concentrate on the meaning of words used in responses to the above-mentioned open question, which was part of the research on the ‘Socio-technological aspects of academic education during the pandemic – from an international perspective’. The tool used was an electronic questionnaire, which was completed by 796 respondents from Poland, including 678 students and 118 academic teachers, as well as 41 students from Kenya. The questionnaire consisted of 31 closed and 6 open questions. The responses of Polish students and academic teachers, as well as Kenyan students, indicate the following categories: ‘contact’, ‘organisation’ and ‘technical dimension’. It forms an image of a specifically understood craft, work performed in separation, and the place of residence. The component in the form of modern technologies only modernises the educational process but does not make it satisfactory for either party of the aforementioned social relationship. The conclusion that can be drawn from the research is as follows: in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the primary task is to reorganise the contact between students and academic teachers in such a way that it is possible to achieve the assumed learning outcomes.

9

Far from the Eyes, Close to the Heart? The Attitude of Kindergarten Teachers to Distance Learning in Kindergartens in Israel

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Alezra F.

Rocznik Pedagogiczny

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2020

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vol. 43

117-136

EN

The coronavirus pandemic has forced the world to deal with distance learning. This article discusses distance learning in the kindergartens in Israel from the perspective of kindergarten teachers. The research was carried out after the first wave of the virus, in March 2020, and its problems was: What is the attitude of the kindergarten teachers in Israel to distance learning? The research used a linear (differential semantic) questionnaire that measures the degree to which they agree with statements related to distance learning in the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects. The questionnaire was filled out by 213 kindergarten teachers. The research attempts to conclude about the kindergar- ten teachers’ perception of distance learning.

10

Kvalita života onkologických pacientov počas pandémie Covid-19: naratívny prehľad

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Havrillová D.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2022

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vol. 66

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issue 4

383-397

EN

The rapidly spreading of COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of people's daily lives around the world. It has negative impact on society, a matter of great concern, especially for cancer patients. They are at increased risk of complications and mortality from coronavirus infection due to cancer and its treatment. Alongside the clinical risk, attention should be also paid to the psychological risks of the pandemic, especially regarding the increase in emotional stress, anxiety, depression and loneliness in patients. To date, there are only a limited number of studies examining the potential psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients. This narrative review synthesizes available findings including pandemic barriers to cancer care, as well as pandemic concerns and their subsequent psychosocial impact on quality of life in a particularly high-risk group of cancer patients. It highlights some of the care options for patients during the current pandemic, that can be used in case of future pandemics or in the post-pandemic period. An overview of these findings can provide a closer look of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of cancer patients and provide a better understanding of their concerns and overall well-being.

11

Non-medical risk assessment of COVID-19 in parts of Central and East Java, Indonesia

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Saputra A., Setiawan W., Arif M., Sriyono S., Nurmalasari I. R., Dijaya R., Ulinuha A.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2022

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vol. 41

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issue 1

147-169

EN

The impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic varies as each country has a different capacity to stop the virus transmission and apply social distancing. A densely populated country, such as Indonesia, tends to face challenges in implementing social distancing due to population characteristics. The Indonesian government focuses on the medical aspect as this virus is new and has been deadly with a high transmission rate. Meanwhile, the non-medical risk during the pandemic is still unclear. The main objective of this study is to assess the non-medical risk at the village level in two agglomeration cities of Central Java: Greater Surakarta and Surabaya. The methodologies use a risk index, derived from the risk reduction concept. The hazard refers to the death toll, while the vulnerability relates to parameters such as disaster, social and public facilities, health facilities, economics and demography. Further, the parameters were weighted based on expert judgement derived using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The study found that the disaster aspect had the highest weight (0.38), followed by health facilities (0.31), economics (0.17), social-public facilities (0.11) and demography (0.04). The standard deviations of those parameters were relatively low, between 0.12 and 0.25. A low vulnerability index (0.05–0.36) was observed to be dominant in both study areas. There are 11 villages in Greater Surakarta and 30 villages in Greater Surabaya with high vulnerability index. Disaster-prone areas, low economic growth, lack of health facilities and aged demographic structure significantly added to this vulnerability. Further, a high-risk index (0.67–1.00) is observed in three villages in Greater Surabaya and one village in Greater Surakarta. These villages are relatively close to the city centre and have good accessibility. Furthermore, these four villages experienced the severest impact of the pandemic because the furniture and tourism sectors were their primary industries.

12

Social assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic – first comments related to practice

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Mańkowska B.

Praca Socjalna

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2020

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vol. 35(2)

72-83

EN

The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the challenges and threats faced by social assistance institutions in the face of the second month of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, with particular emphasis on disturbing phenomena and behaviours involving employees of these institutions. The text, on the one hand, supported by examples derived from personal experiences and reports of the social workers themselves, on the other, by the author's observations and reflections, can serve as a warning against hasty, chaotic actions undermining the morale and reputation of the social assistance system. In the current particularly difficult time for all, it should pass the test in responsible management, coherent cooperation, developing effective solutions and missionary character – serving the ones in need.

13

The Impact of Remote work During the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Development of Competences in Selected Areas of Project Management

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Danielak W., Wysocki R.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2022

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vol. 56

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issue 2

7-20

EN

Theoretical background: The growing importance of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the development of competences in selected areas of project management prompted the authors to conduct research on a group of 82 respondents working remotely on projects at the Project Management Institute Poland Chapter (PMI PC).Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to show the impact of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of competences in selected areas of project management. The study is theoretical and empirical in nature. The theoretical part shows the factors influencing the development of competences and the conditions of remote work. In the empirical part of the survey, employees' opinions on the impact of remote (online) work during the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of competences in selected areas of project management were presented. Five areas of project management were analysed, including: working time, communication, labour costs, risk and conditions for teamwork.Research methods: Literature review and critical analysis of web research. Factor analysis was used for statistical analyses. To isolate the analysed factors, the principal components method was adopted, and the VARIMAX procedure was used as the rotation method.Main findings: The conclusions of the research confirm the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on remote work, in particular on employee competences, work time and costs, motivation, effective communication and mutual relations between employees. The results of the research broaden the knowledge on the impact of various factors on remote work and the development of competences in selected areas of project management.

14

State aid for airlines in the EU: policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Hoszman A., Marciszewska E., Pasztaleniec M.

Journal of Management and Financial Sciences

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2022

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issue 46

77-88

EN

The paper analyses the developments in the EU state aid policy as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic breakout. The general framework for state aid in the EU was presented. Based on a case study analysis of selected airlines that benefited from state aid following the COVID-19 crisis, changes in the European Commission approach were identified. In general, investigation of arrangements between the state aid cases is a complex (and thus often lengthy) process. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was a challenge for EU member states and the European Commission as well due to the unexpected, turbulent, and very profound nature of the crisis. It made it necessary to look for new or revised policies for state aid to respond quickly and keep airlines afloat in times when the flow of revenue was practically stopped. One of the key issues that needed to be addressed was inflexibility and lengthiness of state aid approval processes. To this end, additional guidelines were introduced to make the state aid policy of the EU more flexible. This way member states could respond to the ongoing developments in a more targeted and objective-oriented approach, which possibly made state aid more efficient. It should be stressed that it could have been achieved without changes to pre-existing legislation and by adjusting executive guidelines instead.

15

Academic education during the COVID-19 pandemic – polish and italian experience

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Marek L., Polenta S., Warzocha T.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2021

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vol. 22

171-182

EN

The diagnoses and empirical analyses described in the article were linked by a common research problem expressed in the question about the experiences of academic entities in the field of remote education in the situation of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. The international research reported in the text, however, was conducted in an extra-coordinated situation (to a large extent during the lockdown period), applying two methodological approaches in complementary quantitative and qualitative procedures. Elements of a diagnostic survey (in Polish studies) and an analysis of the content of documents (in Italian studies) were used. The application of the indicated procedures allowed to obtain a complementary image of the experiences of higher education entities in the research situation outlined. The empirical analyses presented in the text allow for the formulation of certain common conclusions resulting from the reported international research. The international and global experience is a novelty of the epidemic situation in which remote education was implemented. The necessity arose to focus on the new conditions of relations between entities in academic education, which differ from traditional direct contact, as already indicated to us by Socrates and Plato. The lockdown changed these relationships. The everyday life of universities has been disrupted, which requires new solutions for the organisation of the educational process.

16

It takes two to be equal? Middle-class men managing care and work during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

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Ciaputa E., Warat M., Krzaklewska E.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

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2023

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vol. 24

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issue 1

62-86

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to the organisation of work and practices of care. Lockdown, the introduction of remote working in many sectors, homeschooling, and social isolation required the adoption of new strategies and solutions, resulting in the increased involvement of mothers in caring activities and the reinforcement of the cultural normativity of family. Yet some studies suggest that the share of fathers in childcare has also increased. Based on semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted as part of the ‘Men in Care’ (MiC) project with men working in international corporations (17) and their partners (7), we consider how the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland impacted men’s approach to care and parental roles. We draw on the experiences of male employees and their partners to show how the ‘interweaving’ of care and work has influenced the involvement of fathers and the division of care between partners. We examine whether the post-outbreak months, when care duties suddenly became delegated almost exclusively to parents, triggered reflections in relation to caring masculinities and challenged existing gender relations. We identified three types of fathers in our sample: task-oriented fathers, supportive fathers, and engaged fathers.

17

Extraordinary Legal Measures and Their Application as a Response of States to the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Przywora B. S., Dobrzeniecki K.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2022

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issue 1(51)

95-107

EN

The topic of the present article is the response of states to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic by using extraordinary legal measures provided for in their constitutions and legislation. By reference to the research project's findings, the authors characterise the legal solutions in selected jurisdictions and attempt to demonstrate the relationship between the application of emergency measures and the specific political system of states. By doing so, the authors consider such factors as the territory, population, or type of political regime.

18

Students’ online self-regulated learning and academic achievement: General effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

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Abbasi M., Khajavi Y., Shameli L.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2022

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vol. 53

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issue 3

19

Determination of post-traumatic growth status of frontline infection control nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic – a cross-sectional study

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Çelik İnce S., Çelik Bekleviç A.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2022

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issue 4

404-411

EN

Introduction and aim. It is very important for nurses to experience post-traumatic growth in order to protect their mental health after traumatic events such as a pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the post traumatic growth status of infection control nurses, who play an important role in health services in the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study was conducted with 170 infection control nurses working in infection control committees of hospitals in Turkey. “Nurse Descriptive Information Form” and “Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI)” were used as data collection tools in this study. Results. As a result of this research, the mean PTGI total score of the infection control nurses was 70.73±23.03, and it was determined that they experienced moderate growth from the sub-dimensions of the scale. Also it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the changes in philosophy of life sub-dimension scores of PTGI according to the age and marital status of the nurses. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the total PTGI scores according to the year of working as an infection control nurse and the loss of a relative of the healthcare worker due to the COVID-19 disease. Conclusion. In this study, it can be said that infection control nurses experienced a moderate post-traumatic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic. Age, marital status, working year and loss of a healthcare worker friend during the pandemic period seem to affect nurses’ post-traumatic growth. It is very important to determine the mental health of infection control nurses working on the front lines in the pandemic.

20

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the German banking industry - a critical analysis of regulatory easing for banks

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Hastenteufel J., Haag A., Eschenröder M.

Managerial Economics

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2021

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vol. 22

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issue 2

95-112

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic was a challenge for all aspects of life. Besides others, this includes health and social life as well as the overall state of the economy. To contain the spread of the coronavirus, governments throughout the world imposed temporary closures (lockdowns). The banking industry was affected by these lockdowns in multiple ways. To mitigate the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on banks, the national and international supervisory authorities passed comprehensive measures. The aim of this paper is to highlight the main regulatory facilitations for German banks by focusing on measures regarding capital buffers and the operating areas of banks. Besides this, an expert study was conducted to analyze how the measures are perceived by German banks and to develop recommendations for action. The results of the study show that the measures have mainly had a signaling effect on banks. However, measures like the easing of capital requirements are also related to higher risks for the banks. The results illustrate that most banks have hesitated in taking these additional risks if they can avoid them, with other measures like general moratoria on payments considered helpful. Overall, the results demonstrated that the experts prefer a cautious approach to using the easing measures.

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