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1

Obecność Żydów w Warszawie w XVI-XVIII wieku

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Fijałkowski P.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
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2012
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issue 1(241)
5-17
EN
Since 1527, Warsaw enjoyed a privilege forbidding Jews from settling in the town and the suburbs. They were only allowed to be in Warsaw during Sejm meetings and when taking their petitions to the royal court. From the turn of the 17th century more and more Jews were settling in private estates surrounding Warsaw, and later in the town itself. Around the mid-18th century they formed self-government structures, which constituted a germ of the future community. Officially the authorities did not recognize the existence of the community, but in practice they willingly communicated with the Jewish community via the structures established by it. In Praga, the Warsaw district on the right bank of the Vistula, the existence of the Jewish community was only recognized by the authorities in 1775, while on the left bank this did not happen until after 1795. For those confessing tej Judaic faith the most important thing was that from the middle of the 18th century they could satisfy their religious needs thant to gradual formation of self-government structures, whose powers encompassed the most important areas of life.
2

Z DEJÍN REMESIEL A CECHOV V LEVOČI

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Lengová M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2010
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vol. 13
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issue 1
-
EN
From the early middle Ages until the 18th century the town of Leutschau (Levoca) was one of the five most important centres of commerce, crafts and guilds in Slovakia, its fame extending as far as Hungary. 42 guilds are known to have been active in the town. The first known guild (1470) in Leutschau was that of the blacksmiths. Unfortunately the archives of Leutschau have not been preserved in their entirety. Fire struck twice, destroying part of the documents. It is assumed that the guilds of the town are even older. In the town there were also artisans of special crafts and Leutschau was also the seat of several supra-regional guilds, such as the guilds of the dyers, the tinsmiths or the Lebkuchen bakers. The products of some of the guilds, (e.g. goldsmiths, boot makers, or tanners) were well-known and sought after across the borders of Slovakia and Hungary. The history of the Leutschau guilds has its high points, but also its tragedies. Particularly in times of war - after all, Leutschau was the most prosperous town in Zips = Spis region; because of its favourable strategic position the town was invariably exploited by the warlords. This brief study offers a glimpse into the nature of the numerous guilds in the town of Leutschau. It will not only describe the guild traditions, but also the position of the guilds and master craftsmen in times of war and their relation to the market, and attendant competition.
3

NITRIANSKY CECH MURÁROV A JEHO ARTIKULY Z ROKU 1724. PRAMEŇ K DEJINÁM REMESIEL A CECHOV V MESTE NITRA V PRVEJ ŠTVRTINE 18. STOROČIA

100%
Tandlich T.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 1
166 – 190
EN
The craftsmen guilds were an integral part of the municipal society in every free royal town and privileged landlord cities in the territory of present Slovakia as a part of the former Hungarian Kingdom during the Early Modern Period. The privileged town of Nitra was the property of local bishop and its burghers possessed a lot of privileges and rights. Most of them worked as artisans and therefore they associated themselves to the guilds for protection of their crafts. Craftsmen in Nitra made its production for the need of local inhabitants only. During the 16th and 17th centuries most of the artisans in Nitra got the rules of their guilds through the charts issued by bishop of Nitra as landlord. The bricklayers in Nitra and Nitra county established their guild on the 24 July 1724, when the Emperor and King Charles the Sixth (the Third) of Habsburg issued the royal privilege for them.
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