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EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION DURING THE DISCLOSURE OF SEXUAL ABUSE ON THE PERCEIVED CREDIBILITY OF THE CSA VICTIMS

100%
Mikulášková G., Karkošková S., Jozefík D.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2021
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vol. 24
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issue 3
20 - 33
EN
Assessing the credibility of child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosure by experts from many fields working with child abuse cases is complex due to several variables and may even be influenced by many biases. Research confirms that, among other factors, the emotions that a child expresses during the disclosure of sexual abuse are an important factor in assessing the credibility of a child victim (Wessel et al., 2015). The aim of the quasi-experiment was to verify the results of selected research studies (Wessel et al., 2015), which focus on the perceived credibility of the child victim showing various emotional expressions. In particular, the aim was to find out how the following emotional expressions – sad, angry, neutral and positive – of the child during the disclosure of sexual abuse affect the perceived credibility of the child victim. The study was based on the following assumptions: 1) the highest level of credibility of the child victim would be related to the sad and neutral emotional expression and 2) the angry and positive emotional expression would be related to the lower perceived credibility of the child victim. The research sample consisted of 34 psychology students, aged 20 – 25 years (M = 21.83, SD = 1.55). The stimulus material in the form of video recordings of interviews with a potential CSA victim was created by the authors of this study, based on the recommendation of Cromer and Freyd (2007). The interview protocol providing the basis for the creation of video recordings was developed by Wessel et al. (2015). The difference in the perceived credibility of the potential CSA victim was confirmed if the disclosure was accompanied by a positive emotional expression compared to a neutral, sad or angry emotional expression. The results confirmed a significantly lower level of the perceived credibility of the CSA victim when the disclosure was accompanied by a positive emotional expression.
2

FACTORS INFLUENCING COURT DIAGNOSES OF SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILY - SOME LESSONS FROM PRACTICE

75%
Widera-Wysoczańska A.
Polish Journal of Applied Psychology
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 1
33-64
EN
On the basis of having analysed 50 psychological court investigations with children, ages three to 11, and thought to have experienced sexual abuse, problems of psychologically assessing a child and the method of writing a psychological report will be described. Data analysis was applied for interpretation of the documents, based on qualitative hermeneutical procedures. Sexual abuse of children was reported to the prosecution by the mother of the child on its own initiative or was motivated by the institutions (kindergarten, school, psychologist). I chose to analyze the opinions in which the partner (husband or partner) of the mother was suspected of molestation and also was the child’s father or step-father. Suspects had a high school education or higher and had a well established professional career. Research results showed that some of the problems that psychologists have to deal with are 1. methods: theoretical assumptions on which the diagnosis is based, diagnostic tools, the process of diagnosis adjusted for the child’s age; 2. psychological phenomena in the course of diagnosis: internal processes in childhood, mothers, suspicions, the situation and motivation of mothers, the offenders relationships with the child and the parent; 3. topics for diagnosis; 4. presenting material from the diagnosis.
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