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Študijné zvesti
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue 2
239 - 259
EN
The article deals with the sedimentary rock of sandstone and sand in archaeological context, in the Urnfield period’s burial rite in particular. Sandstones and sand make a considerable part of the geological composition of the Cerová vrchovina hills in the south of central Slovakia. The topic is elaborated based on the published results of the archaeological excavation at the site from the Middle/Late Bronze Age in the village of Radzovce, Lučenec dist. The main emphasis is put on the sandstones and sand discovered at the large cremation burial ground at the site of Monosa, which documents their specific role in the burial rite of the Piliny and Kyjatice cultures. This information is extended by contemporary settlement material from the site of Somvölgy which confirms the polyfunctional use of sedimentary rocks, sand and Tertiary relics or the artefacts made of them at the site. Possible purpose and importance of selected finds from Radzovce, such as the storage pit filled with siliceous sand, is discussed.
EN
(Title in Slovak - 'Ziarove pohrebisko vychodohalstatskej a vekerzugskej kultury v Novych Zamkoch. Prispevok k pohrebiskam doby halstatskej vo vychodoalpsko-zadunaskej oblasti'). The study presents the burial ground of the Early Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age (the Hallstatt Period) that was excavated in 1957-1958. From the total of 38 graves 29 were cremation burials of the Hallstatt period. The greater part of the necropolis were graves of the Eastern Hallstatt culture (Hallstatt culture of the central and north-eastern Transdanubian), fewer graves belong to the Vekerzug culture. Solving of the problem concerning chronological development was based on individual vessels or whole pottery sets found in one grave. Pottery was dominant in funeral ritual on the necropolis at Nove Zamky. Bronze and iron artefacts were found only in small numbers, but because of their over-regional importance they are as relevant source of information as pottery is and they became a decisive criterion for dating. The oldest graves are dated to the Early Hallstatt period (HC), i. e. to the 8th century BC. In that time it was a complex cultural process, which reflected the continuity of local traditions of the Late Bronze Age (the mid-Danubian and South-Eastern Urnfields and the Lusatian culture as well) and at the same time was formed also under the remarkable influence of the Mezocsat culture that had been spread to the territory of south-western Slovakia from the region of the northern Tisa basin during the 9th and at the beginning of the 8th centuries BC. The pottery typological analysis proved five time periods at the necropolis unambiguously. The phases I to IV are presented by graves of the Eastern Hallstatt culture; while the phase IV represents the transition period to the Vekerzug culture, which is presented in the phase V. In that time grave inventory structure underwent noticeable changes with its focus in the Late Hallstatt period (HD), i. e. to the 6th century BC. The period of cultural transformation was characterised by mixed grave inventory, in which surviving pottery shapes of the Eastern Hallstatt period were remarkable part.
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