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EN
This essay addresses three questions: Why did Paul preach? What did Paul preach? How did Paul preach? It argues that Paul preached because he was commissioned to do so at his call/conversion when the risen Christ was revealed to him. To preach the gospel was not Paul’s decision. He was commissioned and sent to preach, and so the content of his proclamation was not his own. Like a “herald” of the ancient world, he proclaimed the message of the gospel, the announcement of Christ’s death and resurrection that was entrusted to him. Because he was a herald of the gospel, Paul did not preach with rhetorical eloquence lest he conceal the scandal of the crucified Christ. Rather, he proclaimed the gospel in a way that those who heard it had to choose whether to believe or reject the message of the cross he proclaimed. Thus, there is an intimate connection between why Paul preached, what he preached, and how he preached, which has implications for preaching today.
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EN
The article introduces a summary of analysis of essential Christological works by Joseph Ratzinger and the Pope's book about Jesus. The aim of this work is to describe and evaluate the basic line and development of Ratzinger's Christological reflection. At the beginning the article outlines Joseph Ratzinger's life and work and then it describes his important Christological works. The Christological presentation itself is divided into four areas: the use of Christological titles, theology of incarnation, the secrets of Jesus' life and theology of the Cross. Ratzinger bases his Christology primarily on the faith of the church and thus his approach can be described 'as seen from above'. The profession of Jesus as incarnated Son of God is the key to his whole Christology. Consequently Ratzinger considers Jesus' substantial relationship to the Father to be the centre of his whole secret. What the author finds important in older publications is the interpretation of God's Son as 'the last human', thereby he emphasises the authenticity of Jesus' humanity. In newer works we can meet the title 'the new Moses'. The question of the relation of the Old and New Testament and soteriological topic of Jesus' 'exodus' and his liberation work is thus in the forefront.
EN
The article is an attempt of marking the tangents of Blok’s drama to the ideology of Rosicrucianism. That is why the initial system of the sprit initiation becomes the only possible terminology of the interpretation of The Rose and the Cross. Bertrand, the main hero of this drama, is an adept of the initiation of the rose and the cross.
EN
On 9 November 2011, a group of MPs requested, pursuant to Article 10(1)(13) of the Rules of Procedure of the Polish Sejm, that the Speaker “issues an order to remove the Latin cross overlooking the sessions chamber of the parliament from the wall.” The submitted justification indicated that the presence of the cross in the sessions chamber of the Sejm does not fall within the provision of Article 25(2) of the Constitution, which lays down the principle of impartiality of public authorities in matters of religious, personal or philosophical persuasion. The author poses a question of whether this view is tenable. In search for answers, the author addresses the following problems: public authorities as an entity of impartiality, impartiality as neutrality in the open sense and case-law concerning the exposure of the cross in the session rooms of local self-government bodies. The author concludes that both the doctrine and the existing case-law shows no contradiction between the constitutional principle of impartiality of public authorities and the exposure of the cross in public authority assembly rooms.
PL
Grupa Posłów na Sejm RP VII kadencji w dniu 9 listopada 2011 r. zwróciła się w trybie art. 10 ust. 1 pkt. 13 Regulaminu Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej do Marszałek Sejmu „o wydanie zarządzenia nakazującego usunięcie krzyża łacińskiego, który znajduje się w sali posiedzeń Sejmu RP”. Wnioskodawca wskazał w uzasadnieniu, iż obecność krzyża łacińskiego w sali posiedzeń Sejmu jest niezgodna przede wszystkim z art. 25 ust. 2 Konstytucji RP, w którym została sformułowana zasada bezstronności organów władzy publicznej w sprawach przekonań religijnych, światopoglądowych i filozoficznych. W artykule autor stawia pytanie: czy należy podzielić pogląd wnioskodawców? Szukając na nie odpowiedzi autor omawia następujące zagadnienia: organy władzy publicznej jako podmiot bezstronności, bezstronność jako neutralność w sensie otwartym oraz orzeczenia sądów powszechnych dotyczące ekspozycji krzyża w salach posiedzeń organów samorządu terytorialnego. Konkludując stwierdza, iż większość przedstawicieli doktryny oraz dotychczasowe orzecznictwo sądów powszechnych wskazuje na brak sprzeczności między konstytucyjną zasadą bezstronności organów władz publicznych a ekspozycją krzyża w salach obrad organów władzy publicznej.
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