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Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2010
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
170-183
EN
Almost daily, we read and hear of car bombings, violent riots and escalating criminal activities. Such actions are typically condemned as 'cruel' and their 'cruelty' is taken as the most blameworthy trait, to which institutions are obliged, it is implied, to respond by analogously 'cruel but necessary' measures. Almost daily, we read and hear of tragic cases of suicide, usually involving male citizens of various age, race, and class, whose farewell notes, if any, are regularly variations on an old, well-known adagio: 'Goodbye cruel world'. Additionally, many grave cruelties are neither reported nor even seen by the media: people are cheated, betrayed, belittled and affronted in many ways, which are as humiliating as they are ordinary. Yet, what is cruel? What meaning unites the plethora of phenomena that are reported 'cruel'? How is it possible for cruelty to be so extreme and, at the same time, so common? This paper wishes to offer a survey of the main conceptions of cruelty in the history of Western thought, their distinctive constants of meaning being considered in view of a better understanding of cruelty's role in shaping each person's selfhood.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2012
|
vol. 67
|
issue 6
442 – 449
EN
The paper describes the key points of Rorty’s non-foundationalist, non-universalist conception of ethics. Rorty was a successful analytic philosopher before he became a neo-pragmatist thinker. Gradually he came to the conclusion that if philosophy is to be useful at all, it must be socially useful, weaving the fabric of a freer, better and just society. First Rorty assumed the position of a „liberal ironist” for whom cruelty is the worst thing we do. The other aspect of his social ethics is „solidarity”, but both of them (liberal irony as well as solidarity) are in line with historical contingency rather than necessity.
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