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EN
Continuous scientific research and the increasing saturation of the medical market in Poland implements the possibilities of using advanced MR techniques including MRS in everyday practice. This method, which has so far been used primarily for research purposes, can bring measurable benefits to patients not only in terms of clarifying diagnosis and narrowing differential diagnosis, but also monitoring the course of various diseases and their treatment. Here we present the basic principles of performing and interpreting spectroscopic spectra and possible clinical applications and development prospects of MRS. The literature reviewed both Polish and foreign articles both historically and in the past 10 years. The paper presents methodological issues related to the proper performance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectral composition and the role of major metabolites, as well as current clinical applications and directions of MRS development.
PL
Opracowanie stanowi wyjaśnienie podstawowych pojęć związanych z etyką biznesu, komentowanych szeroko w literaturze przedmiotu, takich jak społeczna odpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstw (corporate social responsibility), społeczna nieodpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstw (corporate social irresponsibility) czy osiągnięcia społeczne przedsiębiorstwa (corporate social performance). W tekście wskazano wzajemne powiązania poszczególnych koncepcji, przedstawiono dotychczasowy dorobek w tym obszarze i nakreślono tło rozważań naukowych w nim prowadzonych.
EN
In the paper there are explained basic notions connected with business ethics such as CSR (corporate social responsibility), CSI (corporate social irresponsibility) and CSP (corporate social performance). The author discusses relations between those concepts, conducts the literature review and shows the theoretical background for the presented discussion.
EN
Expectations for contemporary corporations include not only their conduct in accordance with law and standards but also their social responsibility. However, even incorporation of CSR concept into strategy does not guarantee the absence of socially irresponsible practices. This paper presents a comparison of these two concepts – corporate social responsibility and corporate social irrespinsibility (CSI) – and explains why they are not simply opposing approaches.
PL
W artykule omówiono wybrane metody pomiaru jakości logistycznej obsługi klienta, do których zaliczono metodę SERVQUAL oraz CSI. Znajomość przytoczonych metod jest niezwykle ważna w kontekście wciąż zmieniających się wymagań i preferencji klientów. Powszechność metod sprawia, że mają one szerokie zastosowanie w usługach, przez co doczekały się wielu zarzutów oraz modyfikacji. W pracy zostały wymieniono zarówno zalety, jak i zastrzeżenia podawane przez liczne grono badaczy. Na ich podstawie można wysnuć wnioski, iż pomiar jakości logistycznej obsługi klienta z całą pewnością jest możliwy. Kwestią otwartą jest natomiast wybór metody oraz jej ewentualna modyfikacja w kontekście działalności wybranej organizacji.
EN
In this paper, the selected methods of quality measurement of logistics services for a customer, including: the SERVQUAL method, and CSI were described. Acquaintanceship with the methods referred to above is extremely important in the context of activity, constantly-changing requirements and the preferences of customers. The widespread character of those methods resulted in their broad application in services because of which they have been accused of numerous imperfections, and modified many times. In this dissertation, both advantages and reservations formulated by a large number of researchers were included. Upon the basis of them, it is possible to formulate a conclusion that the measurement of quality for logistics services for a customer is certainly possible. A question that remains to be answered is, however, the one relevant to the selection of a method, and the modification of it in the context of the activity of a selected organization.
EN
The present study aimed to explore whether personality traits infl uence buying behaviour and if this infl uence differs depending on a different culture. The author focused on a crosscultural investigation of Poland and the UK. Data were collected via an online questionnaire which measured personality traits, consumer purchase behaviour and the meaning of branded products for 525 participants. The results show signifi cant relationships between personality traits and both, consumer shopping styles and the way individuals perceived branded products. Personality traits were assessed by the MINI-IPIP test, a 20-items instrument which measures the Big Five personalities: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Intellect/Imagination (or Openness). Buying behaviour was tested by two scales. The fi rst one was a 39-item Consumer Shopping Inventory (CSI), which indentifi es eight shopping style dimensions: Perfectionist/High Quality Conscious, Brand Consciousness/Price Equals Quality, Novelty and Fashion Conscious, Recreational and Shopping Conscious, Price Conscious/Value for the Money, Impulsiveness/Careless, Confused by Overchoice, Habitual/Brand Loyal. Another instrument used was a 32-item the Meaning of Branded Products scale, presenting four dominant themes: Quality, Values, Personal Identity and Traditions. The present study also investigated the moderating effect of citizenship and other socio-demographic characteristics in the relation between personality traits and both, the meaning of branded products and shopping styles.
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