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1

Psiogłowi (i) świeci. Topos i przyczyny jego występowania

100%
Nowakowski P.
U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze
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2012
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vol. 11
83-106
EN
Meetings of saints with dog-headed people is an interesting theme present in the early Christian literature. The Eastern writings concerning St Andrew, St Barnabas and St Christopher show that the assistance of a dog-headed was necessary for Christianization of pagans. The way of portraying a dog-headed and the motif of the change of his wild nature into a human one (leading to acquiring of human virtues) seem to be common for all these text and appear in some further ones also (ex. Life of St. Mercurius in Copto-Arabic Synnaxarium). Another interesting issue is a Gnostic ruler of an astral sphere – archon Erathaoth, portrayed as dog-headed by Origen in Contra Celsum. This figure could have been influenced by an astrological tradition. There may have been various reasons for using this theme in the ancient texts. First, Christian authors were discussing the possibility of conversion of pagans, who were very different from tribes known to Romans for a long period of time. The arguments for this interpretation can be found in Augustine’s De Civitate Dei and Ratramnus’s Epistula de cynocephalis, which both contain a discussion on the alleged human origin of dog-headed creatures and hence conclude that they could be baptised. The other option is the influence of the Egyptian culture and religion. The authors wanted to compromise it by describing a dog-headed creature (similar to Anubis) as a faithful follower of Christ. The same measures were used by Hieronymus in Vita Pauli with respect to centaurs and satyrs.
2

ROZŠÍRENIE KULTU SV. VINCENTA NA SLOVENSKU A V RAKÚSKU AKO VÝSLEDOK MIGRÁCIÍ ALPSKÝCH DREVORUBAČOV V PRIEBEHU 18. STOROČIA

75%
Slobodová Nováková K., Krajčovič P.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 1
7 – 28
EN
Saint Vincent is one of the saints the worshipping of which occupies an important place both in the official church cult and in the folk religiousness. He is currently regarded as a patron of wine growers, wine producers and woodcutters. The folk respect was particularly manifested in Saint Vincent’s native Spain and France, and this cult gradually expanded to Germany and Austria in the 14th century. Thanks to migration, it spread from these regions to southern Austria and Slovakia with relatively successful establishment. The study analyses the materials from different periods of the 19th and 20th centuries, obtained by field and archive research on the religiousness of Alpine woodcutters, as well as older historical materials and contemporary records of this cult. By means of a comparative analysis of the obtained data, the study attempts to explore the movements by which the cult of Saint Vincent could have spread to Lower Austria and Western Slovakia. It also points out the importance of interdisciplinary research in indicating the origin of Alpine woodcutters, designated by the exoethnonym Huncokars in Slovakia. The previous research and publications about this group were based on relatively poor and limited sources of information, many of which were not always correctly interpreted. The study has the ambition to add and correct the information on the origin of Alpine woodcutters in the light of the newest research and findings. The research of the cult of Saint Vincent is one of the paths that indicate the origin of the group as well as the possible ways of the dissemination of the cult thanks to the migration of its supporters. Through the example of this cult, we also aim to highlight cultural transfers as a result of ethnic movements in Central Europe.
3

Nieumęczona męczennica. Konstruowanie męczeńskiej legendy św. Tekli

75%
Rączka J.
U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze
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2012
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vol. 11
137-165
EN
Saint Thecla has been venerated as a martyr and even protomartyr in the Christian East and West. She has even been considered a female alter ego of Saint Stephen. However, while Stephen was perceived as a prototype of the perfect Christian martyr since his death, Thecla was first created as an icon of another Christian concept – celibacy. The apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla were a primal and always predominant source of her legend. When looking at it from the perspective of two fundamental components of the Christian notion of martys, i.e. the testimony of faith and the physical sufferings, one promptly notices the striking differences between the two saints. Nonetheless, some features of Thecla’s story made their association possible. This article investigates the phenomenon of ancient authors’ growing attention to the martyr-like motifs of the Acts of Paul and Thecla and the circumstances that eventually led to the unexpected spread of her cult as a martyr and spectacular promotion of this saint in Late Antiquity.
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